This module introduces and derives the telegrapher's equations, which describe how electrical signals behave as they move along transmission lines.
Let's look at just one little section of the line, and define
some voltages and currents
.
Applying kirchoff's laws
For the section of line
long, the voltage at its input is just
and the voltage at the output is
. Likewise, we have a current
entering the section, and another current
leaving the section of line. Note that both the voltage and the
current are functions of
time as well as
position.
The voltage drop across the inductor is just:
Likewise, the current flowing down through the capacitor is
Now we do a
KVL around the outside of the section of line and we get
Substituting
for
and taking it over to the RHS we have
Let's multiply by -1, and bring the
over to the left hand side.
We take the limit as
and the LHS becomes a derivative:
Now we can do a
KCL at the node where the inductor and
capacitor come together.
And upon rearrangement:
Now when we let
, the left hand side again becomes a derivative, and on
the right hand side,
, so we have:
and
are so important
we will write them out again together:
These are called the
telegrapher's equations and
they are all we really need to derive how electrical signalsbehave as they move along on transmission lines. Note what they
say. The first one says that at some point
along the line, the incremental
voltage drop that we experience as we move down the line is justthe distributed inductance
times the time derivative of
the current flowing in the line at that point. The secondequation simply tells us that the loss of current as we go down
the line is proportional to the distributed capacitance
times
the time rate of change of the voltage on the line. As youshould be easily aware, what we have here are a pair of
coupled linear differential equations in time and
position for
and
Communication is effective because it allows individuals to share ideas, thoughts, and information with others.
effective communication can lead to improved outcomes in various settings, including personal relationships, business environments, and educational settings. By communicating effectively, individuals can negotiate effectively, solve problems collaboratively, and work towards common goals.
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miss
Every time someone flushes a toilet in the apartment building, the person begins to jumb back automatically after hearing the flush, before the water temperature changes. Identify the types of learning, if it is classical conditioning identify the NS, UCS, CS and CR. If it is operant conditioning, identify the type of consequence positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement or punishment
nature is an hereditary factor while nurture is an environmental factor which constitute an individual personality. so if an individual's parent has a deviant behavior and was also brought up in an deviant environment, observation of the behavior and the inborn trait we make the individual deviant.
Samuel
I am taking this course because I am hoping that I could somehow learn more about my chosen field of interest and due to the fact that being a PsyD really ignites my passion as an individual the more I hope to learn about developing and literally explore the complexity of my critical thinking skills
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before treatment please make sure the kid doesn't have physical disabilities like hearing..vision..speech problem. sometimes these
Jharna
continue..
sometimes due to these physical problems..the diagnosis may be misdiagnosed.
treatment for autism.
well it depends on the severity.
since autistic kids have problems in communicating and adopting to the environment.. it's best to expose the child in situations where the child
Jharna
child interact with other kids under doc supervision.
play therapy.
speech therapy.
Engaging in different activities that activate most parts of the brain.. like drawing..painting. matching color board game.
string and beads game.
the more you interact with the child the more effective
Jharna
results you'll get..
please consult a therapist to know what suits best on your child.
and last as a parent. I know sometimes it's overwhelming to guide a special kid.
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Jharna
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