8.1 The indian subcontinent: 700 to 601 b.c.

The indian subcontinent

The Vedic Culture continued in Pakistan and northern India, but there was now a shift of emphasis from the region of the Indus to the Ganges River plains, where previously existing villages now became true city-states. The jungles of the Ganges area could not be cleared until iron axes and plows were available. That new metal - iron - also changed warfare to regulation infantry and cavalry. Farther south, Kosala and Magadha kingdoms were built by marcher lords of that area. (Ref. 45 , 211 ) (Continue on page 185)