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How can the graph of y = cos x be used to construct the graph of y = sec x ?

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Explain why the period of tan x is equal to π .

Answers will vary. Using the unit circle, one can show that tan ( x + π ) = tan x .

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Why are there no intercepts on the graph of y = csc x ?

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How does the period of y = csc x compare with the period of y = sin x ?

The period is the same: 2 π .

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Algebraic

For the following exercises, match each trigonometric function with one of the following graphs.

Trigonometric graph of tangent of x. Trigonometric graph of secant of x. Trigonometric graph of cosecant of x. Trigonometric graph of cotangent of x.

For the following exercises, find the period and horizontal shift of each of the functions.

f ( x ) = 2 tan ( 4 x 32 )

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h ( x ) = 2 sec ( π 4 ( x + 1 ) )

period: 8; horizontal shift: 1 unit to left

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m ( x ) = 6 csc ( π 3 x + π )

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If tan x = 1.5 , find tan ( x ) .

1.5

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If sec x = 2 , find sec ( x ) .

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If csc x = 5 , find csc ( x ) .

5

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If x sin x = 2 , find ( x ) sin ( x ) .

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For the following exercises, rewrite each expression such that the argument x is positive.

cot ( x ) cos ( x ) + sin ( x )

cot x cos x sin x

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cos ( x ) + tan ( x ) sin ( x )

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Graphical

For the following exercises, sketch two periods of the graph for each of the following functions. Identify the stretching factor, period, and asymptotes.

f ( x ) = 2 tan ( 4 x 32 )

A graph of two periods of a modified tangent function. There are two vertical asymptotes.

stretching factor: 2; period:   π 4 ;   asymptotes:   x = 1 4 ( π 2 + π k ) + 8 ,  where  k  is an integer

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h ( x ) = 2 sec ( π 4 ( x + 1 ) )

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m ( x ) = 6 csc ( π 3 x + π )

A graph of two periods of a modified cosecant function. Vertical Asymptotes at x= -6, -3, 0, 3, and 6.

stretching factor: 6; period: 6; asymptotes:   x = 3 k ,  where  k  is an integer

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j ( x ) = tan ( π 2 x )

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p ( x ) = tan ( x π 2 )

A graph of two periods of a modified tangent function. Vertical asymptotes at multiples of pi.

stretching factor: 1; period:   π ;   asymptotes:   x = π k ,  where  k  is an integer

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f ( x ) = tan ( x + π 4 )

A graph of two periods of a modified tangent function. Three vertical asymptiotes shown.

Stretching factor: 1; period:   π ;   asymptotes:   x = π 4 + π k ,  where  k  is an integer

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f ( x ) = π tan ( π x π ) π

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f ( x ) = 2 csc ( x )

A graph of two periods of a modified cosecant function. Vertical asymptotes at multiples of pi.

stretching factor: 2; period:   2 π ;   asymptotes:   x = π k ,  where  k  is an integer

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f ( x ) = 1 4 csc ( x )

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f ( x ) = 4 sec ( 3 x )

A graph of two periods of a modified secant function. Vertical asymptotes at x=-pi/2, -pi/6, pi/6, and pi/2.

stretching factor: 4; period:   2 π 3 ;   asymptotes:   x = π 6 k ,  where  k  is an odd integer

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f ( x ) = 3 cot ( 2 x )

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f ( x ) = 7 sec ( 5 x )

A graph of two periods of a modified secant function. There are four vertical asymptotes all pi/5 apart.

stretching factor: 7; period:   2 π 5 ;   asymptotes:   x = π 10 k ,  where  k  is an odd integer

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f ( x ) = 9 10 csc ( π x )

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f ( x ) = 2 csc ( x + π 4 ) 1

A graph of two periods of a modified cosecant function. Three vertical asymptotes, each pi apart.

stretching factor: 2; period:   2 π ;   asymptotes:   x = π 4 + π k ,  where  k  is an integer

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f ( x ) = sec ( x π 3 ) 2

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f ( x ) = 7 5 csc ( x π 4 )

A graph of a modified cosecant function. Four vertical asymptotes.

stretching factor:   7 5 ;   period:   2 π ;   asymptotes:   x = π 4 + π k ,  where  k  is an integer

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f ( x ) = 5 ( cot ( x + π 2 ) 3 )

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For the following exercises, find and graph two periods of the periodic function with the given stretching factor, | A | , period, and phase shift.

A tangent curve, A = 1 , period of π 3 ; and phase shift ( h , k ) = ( π 4 , 2 )

y = tan ( 3 ( x π 4 ) ) + 2

A graph of two periods of a modified tangent function. Vertical asymptotes at x=-pi/4 and pi/12.
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A tangent curve, A = −2 , period of π 4 , and phase shift ( h , k ) = ( π 4 , −2 )

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For the following exercises, find an equation for the graph of each function.

graph of two periods of a modified tangent function. Vertical asymptotes at x=-0.005 and x=0.005.

f ( x ) = 1 2 tan ( 100 π x )

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Technology

For the following exercises, use a graphing calculator to graph two periods of the given function. Note: most graphing calculators do not have a cosecant button; therefore, you will need to input csc x as 1 sin x .

f ( x ) = csc ( x ) sec ( x )

A graph of tangent of x.
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Graph f ( x ) = 1 + sec 2 ( x ) tan 2 ( x ) . What is the function shown in the graph?

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f ( x ) = sec ( 0.001 x )

A graph of two periods of a modified secant function. Vertical asymptotes at multiples of 500pi.
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f ( x ) = cot ( 100 π x )

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f ( x ) = sin 2 x + cos 2 x

A graph of y=1.
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Real-world applications

The function f ( x ) = 20 tan ( π 10 x ) marks the distance in the movement of a light beam from a police car across a wall for time x , in seconds, and distance f ( x ) , in feet.

  1. Graph on the interval [ 0 , 5 ] .
  2. Find and interpret the stretching factor, period, and asymptote.
  3. Evaluate f ( 1 ) and f ( 2.5 ) and discuss the function’s values at those inputs.
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Standing on the shore of a lake, a fisherman sights a boat far in the distance to his left. Let x , measured in radians, be the angle formed by the line of sight to the ship and a line due north from his position. Assume due north is 0 and x is measured negative to the left and positive to the right. (See [link] .) The boat travels from due west to due east and, ignoring the curvature of the Earth, the distance d ( x ) , in kilometers, from the fisherman to the boat is given by the function d ( x ) = 1.5 sec ( x ) .

  1. What is a reasonable domain for d ( x ) ?
  2. Graph d ( x ) on this domain.
  3. Find and discuss the meaning of any vertical asymptotes on the graph of d ( x ) .
  4. Calculate and interpret d ( π 3 ) . Round to the second decimal place.
  5. Calculate and interpret d ( π 6 ) . Round to the second decimal place.
  6. What is the minimum distance between the fisherman and the boat? When does this occur?
An illustration of a man and the distance he is away from a boat.
  1. ( π 2 , π 2 ) ;
  2. A graph of a half period of a secant function. Vertical asymptotes at x=-pi/2 and pi/2.
  3. x = π 2 and x = π 2 ; the distance grows without bound as | x | approaches π 2 —i.e., at right angles to the line representing due north, the boat would be so far away, the fisherman could not see it;
  4. 3; when x = π 3 , the boat is 3 km away;
  5. 1.73; when x = π 6 , the boat is about 1.73 km away;
  6. 1.5 km; when x = 0
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A laser rangefinder is locked on a comet approaching Earth. The distance g ( x ) , in kilometers, of the comet after x days, for x in the interval 0 to 30 days, is given by g ( x ) = 250,000 csc ( π 30 x ) .

  1. Graph g ( x ) on the interval [ 0 , 35 ] .
  2. Evaluate g ( 5 ) and interpret the information.
  3. What is the minimum distance between the comet and Earth? When does this occur? To which constant in the equation does this correspond?
  4. Find and discuss the meaning of any vertical asymptotes.
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A video camera is focused on a rocket on a launching pad 2 miles from the camera. The angle of elevation from the ground to the rocket after x seconds is π 120 x .

  1. Write a function expressing the altitude h ( x ) , in miles, of the rocket above the ground after x seconds. Ignore the curvature of the Earth.
  2. Graph h ( x ) on the interval ( 0 , 60 ) .
  3. Evaluate and interpret the values h ( 0 ) and h ( 30 ) .
  4. What happens to the values of h ( x ) as x approaches 60 seconds? Interpret the meaning of this in terms of the problem.
  1. h ( x ) = 2 tan ( π 120 x ) ;
  2. An exponentially increasing function with a vertical asymptote at x=60.
  3. h ( 0 ) = 0 : after 0 seconds, the rocket is 0 mi above the ground; h ( 30 ) = 2 : after 30 seconds, the rockets is 2 mi high;
  4. As x approaches 60 seconds, the values of h ( x ) grow increasingly large. The distance to the rocket is growing so large that the camera can no longer track it.
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Questions & Answers

Three charges q_{1}=+3\mu C, q_{2}=+6\mu C and q_{3}=+8\mu C are located at (2,0)m (0,0)m and (0,3) coordinates respectively. Find the magnitude and direction acted upon q_{2} by the two other charges.Draw the correct graphical illustration of the problem above showing the direction of all forces.
Kate Reply
To solve this problem, we need to first find the net force acting on charge q_{2}. The magnitude of the force exerted by q_{1} on q_{2} is given by F=\frac{kq_{1}q_{2}}{r^{2}} where k is the Coulomb constant, q_{1} and q_{2} are the charges of the particles, and r is the distance between them.
Muhammed
What is the direction and net electric force on q_{1}= 5µC located at (0,4)r due to charges q_{2}=7mu located at (0,0)m and q_{3}=3\mu C located at (4,0)m?
Kate Reply
what is the change in momentum of a body?
Eunice Reply
what is a capacitor?
Raymond Reply
Capacitor is a separation of opposite charges using an insulator of very small dimension between them. Capacitor is used for allowing an AC (alternating current) to pass while a DC (direct current) is blocked.
Gautam
A motor travelling at 72km/m on sighting a stop sign applying the breaks such that under constant deaccelerate in the meters of 50 metres what is the magnitude of the accelerate
Maria Reply
please solve
Sharon
8m/s²
Aishat
What is Thermodynamics
Muordit
velocity can be 72 km/h in question. 72 km/h=20 m/s, v^2=2.a.x , 20^2=2.a.50, a=4 m/s^2.
Mehmet
A boat travels due east at a speed of 40meter per seconds across a river flowing due south at 30meter per seconds. what is the resultant speed of the boat
Saheed Reply
50 m/s due south east
Someone
which has a higher temperature, 1cup of boiling water or 1teapot of boiling water which can transfer more heat 1cup of boiling water or 1 teapot of boiling water explain your . answer
Ramon Reply
I believe temperature being an intensive property does not change for any amount of boiling water whereas heat being an extensive property changes with amount/size of the system.
Someone
Scratch that
Someone
temperature for any amount of water to boil at ntp is 100⁰C (it is a state function and and intensive property) and it depends both will give same amount of heat because the surface available for heat transfer is greater in case of the kettle as well as the heat stored in it but if you talk.....
Someone
about the amount of heat stored in the system then in that case since the mass of water in the kettle is greater so more energy is required to raise the temperature b/c more molecules of water are present in the kettle
Someone
definitely of physics
Haryormhidey Reply
how many start and codon
Esrael Reply
what is field
Felix Reply
physics, biology and chemistry this is my Field
ALIYU
field is a region of space under the influence of some physical properties
Collete
what is ogarnic chemistry
WISDOM Reply
determine the slope giving that 3y+ 2x-14=0
WISDOM
Another formula for Acceleration
Belty Reply
a=v/t. a=f/m a
IHUMA
innocent
Adah
pratica A on solution of hydro chloric acid,B is a solution containing 0.5000 mole ofsodium chlorid per dm³,put A in the burret and titrate 20.00 or 25.00cm³ portion of B using melting orange as the indicator. record the deside of your burret tabulate the burret reading and calculate the average volume of acid used?
Nassze Reply
how do lnternal energy measures
Esrael
Two bodies attract each other electrically. Do they both have to be charged? Answer the same question if the bodies repel one another.
JALLAH Reply
No. According to Isac Newtons law. this two bodies maybe you and the wall beside you. Attracting depends on the mass och each body and distance between them.
Dlovan
Are you really asking if two bodies have to be charged to be influenced by Coulombs Law?
Robert
like charges repel while unlike charges atttact
Raymond
What is specific heat capacity
Destiny Reply
Specific heat capacity is a measure of the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius (or Kelvin). It is measured in Joules per kilogram per degree Celsius (J/kg°C).
AI-Robot
specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius or kelvin
ROKEEB
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Source:  OpenStax, Algebra and trigonometry. OpenStax CNX. Nov 14, 2016 Download for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11758/1.6
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