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For the following exercises, determine whether the graph of the function provided is a graph of a polynomial function. If so, determine the number of turning points and the least possible degree for the function.

Graph of an odd-degree polynomial.

Yes. Number of turning points is 2. Least possible degree is 3.

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Graph of an even-degree polynomial.

Yes. Number of turning points is 1. Least possible degree is 2.

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Graph of an odd-degree polynomial.

Yes. Number of turning points is 0. Least possible degree is 1.

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Graph of an odd-degree polynomial.

Yes. Number of turning points is 0. Least possible degree is 1.

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Numeric

For the following exercises, make a table to confirm the end behavior of the function.

f ( x ) = x 4 5 x 2

x f ( x )
10 9,500
100 99,950,000
–10 9,500
–100 99,950,000

as x , f ( x ) , as x , f ( x )

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f ( x ) = x 2 ( 1 x ) 2

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f ( x ) = ( x 1 ) ( x 2 ) ( 3 x )

x f ( x )
10 –504
100 –941,094
–10 1,716
–100 1,061,106

as x , f ( x ) , as x , f ( x )

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f ( x ) = x 5 10 x 4

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Technology

For the following exercises, graph the polynomial functions using a calculator. Based on the graph, determine the intercepts and the end behavior.

f ( x ) = x 3 ( x 2 )

Graph of f(x)=x^3(x-2).

The y - intercept is ( 0 ,   0 ) . The x - intercepts are ( 0 ,   0 ) ,   ( 2 ,   0 ) . As x , f ( x ) , as x , f ( x )

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f ( x ) = x ( x 3 ) ( x + 3 )

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f ( x ) = x ( 14 2 x ) ( 10 2 x )

Graph of f(x)=x(14-2x)(10-2x).

The y - intercept is ( 0 , 0 ) . The x - intercepts are ( 0 ,   0 ) ,   ( 5 ,   0 ) ,   ( 7 ,   0 ) . As x , f ( x ) , as x , f ( x )

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f ( x ) = x ( 14 2 x ) ( 10 2 x ) 2

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f ( x ) = x 3 16 x

The y - intercept is ( 0 ,   0 ) . The x - intercept is ( 4 ,   0 ) ,   ( 0 ,   0 ) ,   ( 4 ,   0 ) . A s x , f ( x ) , as x , f ( x )

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f ( x ) = x 4 81

Graph of f(x)=x^3-27.

The y - intercept is ( 0 ,   81 ) . The x - intercept are ( 3 ,   0 ) ,   ( 3 ,   0 ) . As x , f ( x ) , as x , f ( x )

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f ( x ) = x 3 + x 2 + 2 x

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f ( x ) = x 3 2 x 2 15 x

Graph of f(x)=-x^3+x^2+2x.

The y - intercept is ( 0 ,   0 ) . The x - intercepts are ( 3 ,   0 ) ,   ( 0 ,   0 ) ,   ( 5 ,   0 ) . As x , f ( x ) , as x , f ( x )

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f ( x ) = x 3 0.01 x

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Extensions

For the following exercises, use the information about the graph of a polynomial function to determine the function. Assume the leading coefficient is 1 or –1. There may be more than one correct answer.

The y - intercept is ( 0 , 4 ) . The x - intercepts are ( 2 , 0 ) , ( 2 , 0 ) . Degree is 2.

End behavior: as x , f ( x ) , as x , f ( x ) .

f ( x ) = x 2 4

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The y - intercept is ( 0 , 9 ) . The x - intercepts are ( 3 , 0 ) , ( 3 , 0 ) . Degree is 2.

End behavior: as x , f ( x ) , as x , f ( x ) .

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The y - intercept is ( 0 , 0 ) . The x - intercepts are ( 0 , 0 ) , ( 2 , 0 ) . Degree is 3.

End behavior: as x , f ( x ) , as x , f ( x ) .

f ( x ) = x 3 4 x 2 + 4 x

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The y - intercept is ( 0 , 1 ) . The x - intercept is ( 1 , 0 ) . Degree is 3.

End behavior: as x , f ( x ) , as x , f ( x ) .

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The y - intercept is ( 0 , 1 ) . There is no x - intercept. Degree is 4.

End behavior: as x , f ( x ) , as x , f ( x ) .

f ( x ) = x 4 + 1

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Real-world applications

For the following exercises, use the written statements to construct a polynomial function that represents the required information.

An oil slick is expanding as a circle. The radius of the circle is increasing at the rate of 20 meters per day. Express the area of the circle as a function of d , the number of days elapsed.

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A cube has an edge of 3 feet. The edge is increasing at the rate of 2 feet per minute. Express the volume of the cube as a function of m , the number of minutes elapsed.

V ( m ) = 8 m 3 + 36 m 2 + 54 m + 27

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A rectangle has a length of 10 inches and a width of 6 inches. If the length is increased by x inches and the width increased by twice that amount, express the area of the rectangle as a function of x .

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An open box is to be constructed by cutting out square corners of x - inch sides from a piece of cardboard 8 inches by 8 inches and then folding up the sides. Express the volume of the box as a function of x .

V ( x ) = 4 x 3 32 x 2 + 64 x

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A rectangle is twice as long as it is wide. Squares of side 2 feet are cut out from each corner. Then the sides are folded up to make an open box. Express the volume of the box as a function of the width ( x ).

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Questions & Answers

how does the planets on our solar system orbit
cheten Reply
how many Messier objects are there in space
satish Reply
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Richard Reply
what are astronomy
Issan Reply
Astronomy (from Ancient Greek ἀστρονομία (astronomía) 'science that studies the laws of the stars') is a natural science that studies celestial objects and phenomena. It uses mathematics, physics, and chemistry in order to explain their origin and evolution.
Rafael
vjuvu
Elgoog
what is big bang theory?
Rosemary
what type of activity astronomer do?
Rosemary
No
Richard
the big bang theory is a theory which states that all matter was compressed together in one place the matter got so unstable it exploded releasing All its contents in the form of hydrogen
Roaul
I want to be an astronomer. That's my dream
Astrit
Who named the the whole galaxy?
Shola Reply
solar Univers
GPOWER
what is space
Richard
what is the dark matter
Richard
what are the factors upon which the atmosphere is stratified
Nicholas Reply
is the big bang the sun
Folakemi Reply
no
Sokak
bigbang is the beginning of the universe
Sokak
but thats just a theory
Sokak
nothing will happen, don't worry brother.
Vansh
what does comet means
GANGAIN Reply
these are Rocky substances between mars and jupiter
GANGAIN
Comets are cosmic snowballs of frozen gases , rock and dust that orbit the sun. They are mostly found between the orbits of Venus and Mercury.
Aarya
hllo
John
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John
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John
r u there
John
hey can anyone guide me abt international astronomy olympiad
sahil
how can we learn right and true ?
Govinda Reply
why the moon is always appear in an elliptical shape
Gatjuol Reply
Because when astroid hit the Earth then a piece of elliptical shape of the earth was separated which is now called moon.
Hemen
what's see level?
lidiya Reply
Did you mean eye sight or sea level
Minal
oh sorry it's sea level
lidiya
according to the theory of astronomers why the moon is always appear in an elliptical orbit?
Gatjuol
hi !!! I am new in astronomy.... I have so many questions in mind .... all of scientists of the word they just give opinion only. but they never think true or false ... i respect all of them... I believes whole universe depending on true ...থিউরি
Govinda
hello
Jackson
hi
Elyana
we're all stars and galaxies a part of sun. how can science prove thx with respect old ancient times picture or books..or anything with respect to present time .but we r a part of that universe
w astronomy and cosmology!
Michele
another theory of universe except big ban
Albash Reply
how was universe born
Asmit Reply
there many theory to born universe but what is the reality of big bang theory to born universe
Asmit
what is the exact value of π?
Nagalakshmi
by big bang
universal
there are many theories regarding this it's on you believe any theory that you think is true ex. eternal inflation theory, oscillation model theory, multiple universe theory the big bang theory etc.
Aarya
I think after Big Bang!
Michele
from where on earth could u observe all the stars during the during the course of an year
Karuna Reply
I think it couldn't possible on earth
Nagalakshmi
in this time i don't Know
Michele
is that so. the question was in the end of this chapter
Karuna
in theory, you could see them all from the equator (though over the course of a year, not at pne time). stars are measured in "declination", which is how far N or S of the equator (90* to -90*). Polaris is the North star, and is ALMOST 90* (+89*). So it would just barely creep over the horizon.
Christopher
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Source:  OpenStax, Algebra and trigonometry. OpenStax CNX. Nov 14, 2016 Download for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11758/1.6
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