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log 15 ( a ) = b

15 b = a

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log 13 ( 142 ) = a

13 a = 142

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For the following exercises, rewrite each equation in logarithmic form.

n 4 = 103

log n ( 103 ) = 4

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y x = 39 100

log y ( 39 100 ) = x

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For the following exercises, solve for x by converting the logarithmic equation to exponential form.

log 2 ( x ) = 3

x = 2 3 = 1 8

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log 3 ( x ) = 3

x = 3 3 = 27

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log 9 ( x ) = 1 2

x = 9 1 2 = 3

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log 6 ( x ) = 3

x = 6 3 = 1 216

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For the following exercises, use the definition of common and natural logarithms to simplify.

e ln ( 10.125 ) + 4

14.125

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Numeric

For the following exercises, evaluate the base b logarithmic expression without using a calculator.

For the following exercises, evaluate the common logarithmic expression without using a calculator.

2 log ( 100 3 )

12

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For the following exercises, evaluate the natural logarithmic expression without using a calculator.

ln ( e 0.225 ) 3

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Technology

For the following exercises, evaluate each expression using a calculator. Round to the nearest thousandth.

Extensions

Is x = 0 in the domain of the function f ( x ) = log ( x ) ? If so, what is the value of the function when x = 0 ? Verify the result.

No, the function has no defined value for x = 0. To verify, suppose x = 0 is in the domain of the function f ( x ) = log ( x ) . Then there is some number n such that n = log ( 0 ) . Rewriting as an exponential equation gives: 10 n = 0 , which is impossible since no such real number n exists. Therefore, x = 0 is not the domain of the function f ( x ) = log ( x ) .

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Is f ( x ) = 0 in the range of the function f ( x ) = log ( x ) ? If so, for what value of x ? Verify the result.

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Is there a number x such that ln x = 2 ? If so, what is that number? Verify the result.

Yes. Suppose there exists a real number x such that ln x = 2. Rewriting as an exponential equation gives x = e 2 , which is a real number. To verify, let x = e 2 . Then, by definition, ln ( x ) = ln ( e 2 ) = 2.

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Is the following true: log 3 ( 27 ) log 4 ( 1 64 ) = −1 ? Verify the result.

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Is the following true: ln ( e 1.725 ) ln ( 1 ) = 1.725 ? Verify the result.

No; ln ( 1 ) = 0 , so ln ( e 1.725 ) ln ( 1 ) is undefined.

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Real-world applications

The exposure index E I for a 35 millimeter camera is a measurement of the amount of light that hits the film. It is determined by the equation E I = log 2 ( f 2 t ) , where f is the “f-stop” setting on the camera, and t is the exposure time in seconds. Suppose the f-stop setting is 8 and the desired exposure time is 2 seconds. What will the resulting exposure index be?

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Refer to the previous exercise. Suppose the light meter on a camera indicates an E I of 2 , and the desired exposure time is 16 seconds. What should the f-stop setting be?

2

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The intensity levels I of two earthquakes measured on a seismograph can be compared by the formula log I 1 I 2 = M 1 M 2 where M is the magnitude given by the Richter Scale. In August 2009, an earthquake of magnitude 6.1 hit Honshu, Japan. In March 2011, that same region experienced yet another, more devastating earthquake, this time with a magnitude of 9.0. http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/historical.php. Accessed 3/4/2014. How many times greater was the intensity of the 2011 earthquake? Round to the nearest whole number.

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Questions & Answers

calculate molarity of NaOH solution when 25.0ml of NaOH titrated with 27.2ml of 0.2m H2SO4
Gasin Reply
what's Thermochemistry
rhoda Reply
the study of the heat energy which is associated with chemical reactions
Kaddija
How was CH4 and o2 was able to produce (Co2)and (H2o
Edafe Reply
explain please
Victory
First twenty elements with their valences
Martine Reply
what is chemistry
asue Reply
what is atom
asue
what is the best way to define periodic table for jamb
Damilola Reply
what is the change of matter from one state to another
Elijah Reply
what is isolation of organic compounds
IKyernum Reply
what is atomic radius
ThankGod Reply
Read Chapter 6, section 5
Dr
Read Chapter 6, section 5
Kareem
Atomic radius is the radius of the atom and is also called the orbital radius
Kareem
atomic radius is the distance between the nucleus of an atom and its valence shell
Amos
Read Chapter 6, section 5
paulino
Bohr's model of the theory atom
Ayom Reply
is there a question?
Dr
when a gas is compressed why it becomes hot?
ATOMIC
It has no oxygen then
Goldyei
read the chapter on thermochemistry...the sections on "PV" work and the First Law of Thermodynamics should help..
Dr
Which element react with water
Mukthar Reply
Mgo
Ibeh
an increase in the pressure of a gas results in the decrease of its
Valentina Reply
definition of the periodic table
Cosmos Reply
What is the lkenes
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what were atoms composed of?
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Practice Key Terms 3

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Source:  OpenStax, Algebra and trigonometry. OpenStax CNX. Nov 14, 2016 Download for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11758/1.6
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