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In a standard deck, there are 52 cards. Twelve cards are face cards ( F ) and 40 cards are not face cards ( N ). Draw two cards, one at a time, without replacement. The tree diagram is labeled with all possible probabilities.

This is a tree diagram with branches showing frequencies of each draw. The first branch shows 2 lines: F 12/52 and N 40/52. The second branch has a set of 2 lines (F 11/52 and N 40/51) for each line of the first branch. Multiply along each line to find FF 121/2652, FN 480/2652, NF 480/2652, and NN 1560/2652.
  1. Find P ( FN OR NF ).
  2. Find P ( N | F ).
  3. Find P (at most one face card).
    Hint: "At most one face card" means zero or one face card.
  4. Find P (at least on face card).
    Hint: "At least one face card" means one or two face cards.
  1. P ( FN OR NF ) = 480 2,652  +  480 2,652  =  960 2,652  =  80 221
  2. P ( N | F ) = 40 51
  3. P (at most one face card) = (480  +  480  +  1,560) 2,652 = 2 , 520 2 , 652
  4. P (at least one face card) = (132 + 480 + 480) 2,652 = 1,092 2,652
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A litter of kittens available for adoption at the Humane Society has four tabby kittens and five black kittens. A family comes in and randomly selects two kittens (without replacement) for adoption.

This is a tree diagram with branches showing probabilities of kitten choices. The first branch shows two lines: T 4/9 and B 5/9. The second branch has a set of 2 lines for each first branch line. Below T 4/9 are T 3/8 and B 5/8. Below B 5/9 are T 4/8 and B 4/8. Multiply along each line to find probabilities of possible combinations.

  1. What is the probability that both kittens are tabby?
    a. ( 1 2 ) ( 1 2 ) b. ( 4 9 ) ( 4 9 ) c. ( 4 9 ) ( 3 8 ) d. ( 4 9 ) ( 5 9 )
  2. What is the probability that one kitten of each coloring is selected?
    a. ( 4 9 ) ( 5 9 ) b. ( 4 9 ) ( 5 8 ) c. ( 4 9 ) ( 5 9 ) + ( 5 9 ) ( 4 9 ) d. ( 4 9 ) ( 5 8 ) + ( 5 9 ) ( 4 8 )
  3. What is the probability that a tabby is chosen as the second kitten when a black kitten was chosen as the first?
  4. What is the probability of choosing two kittens of the same color?

a. c, b. d, c. 4 8 , d. 32 72

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Suppose there are four red balls and three yellow balls in a box. Three balls are drawn from the box without replacement. What is the probability that one ball of each coloring is selected?

( 4 7 ) ( 3 6 ) + ( 3 7 ) ( 4 6 )

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Venn diagram

A Venn diagram is a picture that represents the outcomes of an experiment. It generally consists of a box that represents the sample space S together with circles or ovals. The circles or ovals represent events.

Suppose an experiment has the outcomes 1, 2, 3, ... , 12 where each outcome has an equal chance of occurring. Let event A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} and event B = {6, 7, 8, 9}. Then A AND B = {6} and A  OR  B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}. The Venn diagram is as follows:

A Venn diagram. An oval representing set A contains the values 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. An oval representing set B also contains the 6, along with 7, 8, and 9. The values 10, 11, and 12 are present but not contained in either set.
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Suppose an experiment has outcomes black, white, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and purple, where each outcome has an equal chance of occurring. Let event C = {green, blue, purple} and event P = {red, yellow, blue}. Then C AND P = {blue} and C OR P = {green, blue, purple, red, yellow}. Draw a Venn diagram representing this situation.

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Flip two fair coins. Let A = tails on the first coin. Let B = tails on the second coin. Then A = { TT , TH } and B = { TT , HT }. Therefore, A AND B = { TT }. A OR B = { TH , TT , HT }.

The sample space when you flip two fair coins is X = { HH , HT , TH , TT }. The outcome HH is in NEITHER A NOR B . The Venn diagram is as follows:

This is a venn diagram. An oval representing set A contains Tails + Heads and Tails + Tails. An oval representing set B also contains Tails + Tails, along with Heads + Tails. The universe S contains Heads + Heads, but this value is not contained in either set A or B.
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Roll a fair, six-sided die. Let A = a prime number of dots is rolled. Let B = an odd number of dots is rolled. Then A = {2, 3, 5} and B = {1, 3, 5}. Therefore, A AND B = {3, 5}. A OR B = {1, 2, 3, 5}. The sample space for rolling a fair die is S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. Draw a Venn diagram representing this situation.

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Forty percent of the students at a local college belong to a club and 50% work part time. Five percent of the students work part time and belong to a club. Draw a Venn diagram showing the relationships. Let C = student belongs to a club and PT = student works part time.

This is a venn diagram with one set containing students in clubs and another set containing students working  part-time. Both sets share students who are members of clubs and also work part-time. The universe is labeled S.

If a student is selected at random, find

  • the probability that the student belongs to a club. P ( C ) = 0.40
  • the probability that the student works part time. P ( PT ) = 0.50
  • the probability that the student belongs to a club AND works part time. P ( C AND PT ) = 0.05
  • the probability that the student belongs to a club given that the student works part time. P ( C | P T )   =   P ( C  AND  P T ) P ( P T )   =   0.05 0.50   =   0.1
  • the probability that the student belongs to a club OR works part time. P ( C OR PT ) = P ( C ) + P ( PT ) - P ( C AND PT ) = 0.40 + 0.50 - 0.05 = 0.85
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Questions & Answers

it is the relatively stable flow of income
Chidubem Reply
what is circular flow of income
Divine Reply
branches of macroeconomics
SHEDRACK Reply
what is Flexible exchang rate?
poudel Reply
is gdp a reliable measurement of wealth
Atega Reply
introduction to econometrics
Husseini Reply
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Jorge
hi
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Mahesh
Hi
Tom
Why is unemployment rate never zero at full employment?
Priyanka Reply
bcoz of existence of frictional unemployment in our economy.
Umashankar
what is flexible exchang rate?
poudel
due to existence of the pple with disabilities
Abdulraufu
the demand of a good rises, causing the demand for another good to fall
Rushawn Reply
is it possible to leave every good at the same level
Joseph
I don't think so. because check it, if the demand for chicken increases, people will no longer consume fish like they used to causing a fall in the demand for fish
Anuolu
is not really possible to let the value of a goods to be same at the same time.....
Salome
Suppose the inflation rate is 6%, does it mean that all the goods you purchase will cost 6% more than previous year? Provide with reasoning.
Geetha Reply
Not necessarily. To measure the inflation rate economists normally use an averaged price index of a basket of certain goods. So if you purchase goods included in the basket, you will notice that you pay 6% more, otherwise not necessarily.
Waeth
discus major problems of macroeconomics
Alii Reply
what is the problem of macroeconomics
Yoal
Economic growth Stable prices and low unemployment
Ephraim
explain inflationcause and itis degre
Miresa Reply
what is inflation
Getu
increase in general price levels
WEETO
Good day How do I calculate this question: C= 100+5yd G= 2000 T= 2000 I(planned)=200. Suppose the actual output is 3000. What is the level of planned expenditures at this level of output?
Chisomo Reply
how to calculate actual output?
Chisomo
how to calculate the equilibrium income
Beshir
Criteria for determining money supply
Thapase Reply
who we can define macroeconomics in one line
Muhammad
Aggregate demand
Mohammed
C=k100 +9y and i=k50.calculate the equilibrium level of output
Mercy Reply
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money as unit of account means what?
Kalombe
A unit of account is something that can be used to value goods and services and make calculations
Jim
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Muhammad
I want to know how can we define macroeconomics in one line
Muhammad
it must be .9 or 0.9 no Mpc is greater than 1 Y=100+.9Y+50 Y-.9Y=150 0.1Y/0.1=150/0.1 Y=1500
Kalombe
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Kalombe
hi can someone help me on this question If a negative shocks shifts the IS curve to the left, what type of policy do you suggest so as to stabilize the level of output? discuss your answer using appropriate graph.
Galge Reply
if interest rate is increased this will will reduce the level of income shifting the curve to the left ◀️
Kalombe
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Source:  OpenStax, Introductory statistics. OpenStax CNX. May 06, 2016 Download for free at http://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11562/1.18
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