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No light passes through two perfect polarizing filters with perpendicular axes. However, if a third polarizing filter is placed between the original two, some light can pass. Why is this? Under what circumstances does most of the light pass?
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When particles scattering light are much smaller than its wavelength, the amount of scattering is proportional to
. Does this mean there is more scattering for small
than large
? How does this relate to the fact that the sky is blue?
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When light is reflected at Brewster’s angle from a smooth surface, it is
polarized parallel to the surface. Part of the light will be refracted into the surface. Describe how you would do an experiment to determine the polarization of the refracted light. What direction would you expect the polarization to have and would you expect it to be
?
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Problems&Exercises
What angle is needed between the direction of polarized light and the axis of a polarizing filter to cut its intensity in half?
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The angle between the axes of two polarizing filters is
. By how much does the second filter reduce the intensity of the light coming through the first?
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If you have completely polarized light of intensity
, what will its intensity be after passing through a polarizing filter with its axis at an
angle to the light’s polarization direction?
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What angle would the axis of a polarizing filter need to make with the direction of polarized light of intensity
to reduce the intensity to
?
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At the end of
[link] , it was stated that the intensity of polarized light is reduced to
of its original value by passing through a polarizing filter with its axis at an angle of
to the direction of polarization. Verify this statement.
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Show that if you have three polarizing filters, with the second at an angle of
to the first and the third at an angle of
to the first, the intensity of light passed by the first will be reduced to
of its value. (This is in contrast to having only the first and third, which reduces the intensity to zero, so that placing the second between them increases the intensity of the transmitted light.)
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Prove that, if
is the intensity of light transmitted by two polarizing filters with axes at an angle
and
is the intensity when the axes are at an angle
then
the original intensity. (Hint: Use the trigonometric identities
and
)
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Light reflected at
from a window is completely polarized. What is the window’s index of refraction and the likely substance of which it is made?
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(a) Light reflected at
from a gemstone in a ring is completely polarized. Can the gem be a diamond? (b) At what angle would the light be completely polarized if the gem was in water?
(a) 1.92, not diamond (Zircon)
(b)
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If
is Brewster’s angle for light reflected from the top of an interface between two substances, and
is Brewster’s angle for light reflected from below, prove that
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Integrated Concepts
If a polarizing filter reduces the intensity of polarized light to
of its original value, by how much are the electric and magnetic fields reduced?
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Integrated Concepts
Suppose you put on two pairs of Polaroid sunglasses with their axes at an angle of
. How much longer will it take the light to deposit a given amount of energy in your eye compared with a single pair of sunglasses? Assume the lenses are clear except for their polarizing characteristics.
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Integrated Concepts
(a) On a day when the intensity of sunlight is
, a circular lens 0.200 m in diameter focuses light onto water in a black beaker. Two polarizing sheets of plastic are placed in front of the lens with their axes at an angle of
Assuming the sunlight is unpolarized and the polarizers are
efficient, what is the initial rate of heating of the water in
, assuming it is
absorbed? The aluminum beaker has a mass of 30.0 grams and contains 250 grams of water. (b) Do the polarizing filters get hot? Explain.
(a)
°C/s
(b) Yes, the polarizing filters get hot because they absorb some of the lost energy from the sunlight.
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Questions & Answers
what does preconceived mean
How can I develope my cognitive domain
why is communication effective
Communication is effective because it allows individuals to share ideas, thoughts, and information with others.
effective communication can lead to improved outcomes in various settings, including personal relationships, business environments, and educational settings. By communicating effectively, individuals can negotiate effectively, solve problems collaboratively, and work towards common goals.
it starts up serve and return practice/assessments.it helps find voice talking therapy also assessments through relaxed conversation.
miss
Every time someone flushes a toilet in the apartment building, the person begins to jumb back automatically after hearing the flush, before the water temperature changes. Identify the types of learning, if it is classical conditioning identify the NS, UCS, CS and CR. If it is operant conditioning, identify the type of consequence positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement or punishment
please i need answer
Wekolamo
because it helps many people around the world to understand how to interact with other people and understand them well, for example at work (job).
Agreed 👍 There are many parts of our brains and behaviors, we really need to get to know. Blessings for everyone and happy Sunday!
ARC
A child is a member of community not society elucidate ?
Isn't practices worldwide, be it psychology, be it science. isn't much just a false belief of control over something the mind cannot truly comprehend?
compare and contrast skinner's perspective on personality development on freud
Skinner skipped the whole unconscious phenomenon and rather emphasized on classical conditioning
war
explain how nature and nurture affect the development and later the productivity of an individual.
nature is an hereditary factor while nurture is an environmental factor which constitute an individual personality. so if an individual's parent has a deviant behavior and was also brought up in an deviant environment, observation of the behavior and the inborn trait we make the individual deviant.
Samuel
I am taking this course because I am hoping that I could somehow learn more about my chosen field of interest and due to the fact that being a PsyD really ignites my passion as an individual the more I hope to learn about developing and literally explore the complexity of my critical thinking skills
and having a good philosophy of the world is like a sandwich and a peanut butter 👍
Jonathan
generally amnesi how long yrs memory loss
interpersonal relationships
What would be the best educational aid(s) for gifted kids/savants?
treat them normal, if they want help then give them.
that will make everyone happy
Saurabh
What are the treatment for autism?
hello. autism is a umbrella term. autistic kids have different disorder overlapping. for example. a kid may show symptoms of ADHD and also learning disabilities.
before treatment please make sure the kid doesn't have physical disabilities like hearing..vision..speech problem. sometimes these
Jharna
continue..
sometimes due to these physical problems..the diagnosis may be misdiagnosed.
treatment for autism.
well it depends on the severity.
since autistic kids have problems in communicating and adopting to the environment.. it's best to expose the child in situations where the child
Jharna
child interact with other kids under doc supervision.
play therapy.
speech therapy.
Engaging in different activities that activate most parts of the brain.. like drawing..painting. matching color board game.
string and beads game.
the more you interact with the child the more effective
Jharna
results you'll get..
please consult a therapist to know what suits best on your child.
and last as a parent. I know sometimes it's overwhelming to guide a special kid.
but trust the process and be strong and patient as a parent.
Jharna
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Source:
OpenStax, College physics. OpenStax CNX. Jul 27, 2015 Download for free at http://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11406/1.9
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