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Conceptual questions
Explain, in terms of conservation of momentum and energy, why collisions of neutrons with protons will thermalize neutrons better than collisions with oxygen.
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The ruins of the Chernobyl reactor are enclosed in a huge concrete structure built around it after the accident. Some rain penetrates the building in winter, and radioactivity from the building increases. What does this imply is happening inside?
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Since the uranium or plutonium nucleus fissions into several fission fragments whose mass distribution covers a wide range of pieces, would you expect more residual radioactivity from fission than fusion? Explain.
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The core of a nuclear reactor generates a large amount of thermal energy from the decay of fission products, even when the power-producing fission chain reaction is turned off. Would this residual heat be greatest after the reactor has run for a long time or short time? What if the reactor has been shut down for months?
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Why can heavy nuclei with odd numbers of neutrons be induced to fission with thermal neutrons, whereas those with even numbers of neutrons require more energy input to induce fission?
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Problem exercises
(a) Calculate the energy released in the neutron-induced fission (similar to the spontaneous fission in
[link] )
given
and
. (b) This result is about 6 MeV greater than the result for spontaneous fission. Why? (c) Confirm that the total number of nucleons and total charge are conserved in this reaction.
(a) 177.1 MeV
(b) Because the gain of an external neutron yields about 6 MeV, which is the average
for heavy nuclei.
(c)
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(a) Calculate the energy released in the neutron-induced fission reaction
given
and
.
(b) Confirm that the total number of nucleons and total charge are conserved in this reaction.
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(a) Calculate the energy released in the neutron-induced fission reaction
given
and
.
(b) Confirm that the total number of nucleons and total charge are conserved in this reaction.
(a) 180.6 MeV
(b)
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Breeding plutonium produces energy even before any plutonium is fissioned. (The primary purpose of the four nuclear reactors at Chernobyl was breeding plutonium for weapons. Electrical power was a by-product used by the civilian population.) Calculate the energy produced in each of the reactions listed for plutonium breeding just following
[link] . The pertinent masses are
,
, and
.
4.81 MeV
0.753 MeV
0.211 MeV
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The naturally occurring radioactive isotope
does not make good fission fuel, because it has an even number of neutrons; however, it can be bred into a suitable fuel (much as
is bred into
).
(a) What are
and
for
?
(b) Write the reaction equation for neutron captured by
and identify the nuclide
produced in
.
(c) The product nucleus
decays, as does its daughter. Write the decay equations for each, and identify the final nucleus.
(d) Confirm that the final nucleus has an odd number of neutrons, making it a better fission fuel.
(e) Look up the half-life of the final nucleus to see if it lives long enough to be a useful fuel.
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The electrical power output of a large nuclear reactor facility is 900 MW. It has a 35.0% efficiency in converting nuclear power to electrical.
(a) What is the thermal nuclear power output in megawatts?
(b) How many
nuclei fission each second, assuming the average fission produces 200 MeV?
(c) What mass of
is fissioned in one year of full-power operation?
(a)
(b)
(c) 991 kg
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A large power reactor that has been in operation for some months is turned off, but residual activity in the core still produces 150 MW of power. If the average energy per decay of the fission products is 1.00 MeV, what is the core activity in curies?
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Questions & Answers
Discuss the differences between taste and flavor, including how other sensory inputs contribute to our perception of flavor.
taste refers to your understanding of the flavor . while flavor one The other hand is refers to sort of just a blend things.
Faith
While taste primarily relies on our taste buds, flavor involves a complex interplay between taste and aroma
Kamara
which drugs can we use for ulcers
Omeprazole
Cimetidine / Tagament
For the complicated once ulcer - kit
Patrick
what is the function of lymphatic system
to drain extracellular fluid all over the body.
asegid
The lymphatic system plays several crucial roles in the human body, functioning as a key component of the immune system and contributing to the maintenance of fluid balance. Its main functions include:
1. Immune Response: The lymphatic system produces and transports lymphocytes, which are a type of
asegid
to transport fluids fats proteins and lymphocytes to the blood stream as lymph
Adama
Anatomy is the identification and description of the structures of living things
Kamara
what's the difference between anatomy and physiology
Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body, while physiology is the study of the function of the body. Anatomy looks at the body's organs and systems, while physiology looks at how those organs and systems work together to keep the body functioning.
AI-Robot
what is enzymes all about?
Enzymes are proteins that help speed up chemical reactions in our bodies. Enzymes are essential for digestion, liver function and much more. Too much or too little of a certain enzyme can cause health problems
Kamara
how does the stomach protect itself from the damaging effects of HCl
little girl okay how does the stomach protect itself from the damaging effect of HCL
Wulku
it is because of the enzyme that the stomach produce that help the stomach from the damaging effect of HCL
Kamara
function of digestive system
function of digestive
Ali
what is the normal body temperature
please why 37 degree selcius normal temperature
Mark
the normal temperature is 37°c or 98.6 °Fahrenheit is important for maintaining the homeostasis in the body
the body regular this temperature through the process called thermoregulation which involves brain skin muscle and other organ working together to maintain stable internal temperature
Stephanie
anaemia is the decrease in RBC count hemoglobin count and PVC count
Eniola
what is the pH of the vagina
how does Lysin attack pathogens
Diya
I information on anatomy position and digestive system and there enzyme
anatomy of the female external genitalia
Organ Systems Of The Human Body (Continued)
Organ Systems Of The Human Body (Continued)
what's lochia albra
Kizito
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Source:
OpenStax, College physics. OpenStax CNX. Jul 27, 2015 Download for free at http://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11406/1.9
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