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Four spheres are hung from a variety of different springs. The table below describes the characteristics of both the spheres and the springs from which they are hung. Use this information to rank the density of each sphere from least to greatest. Show work supporting your ranking.

Material Type Radius of Sphere Stretch of Spring (from equilibrium) Spring Constant
A 10 cm 5 cm 2 N/m
B 5 cm 8 cm 8 N/m
C 8 cm 10 cm 6 N/m
D 8 cm 12 cm 10 N/m

Rank the densities of the objects listed above, from greatest to least. Show work supporting your ranking.

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Section summary

  • Density is the mass per unit volume of a substance or object. In equation form, density is defined as
    ρ = m V . size 12{ρ= { {m} over {V} } } {}
  • The SI unit of density is kg/m 3 size 12{"kg/m" rSup { size 8{3} } } {} .

Conceptual questions

Approximately how does the density of air vary with altitude?

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Give an example in which density is used to identify the substance composing an object. Would information in addition to average density be needed to identify the substances in an object composed of more than one material?

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[link] shows a glass of ice water filled to the brim. Will the water overflow when the ice melts? Explain your answer.

A glass filled to the brim with water and ice cubes.
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Problems&Exercises

Gold is sold by the troy ounce (31.103 g). What is the volume of 1 troy ounce of pure gold?

1 . 610 cm 3 size 12{1 "." "610"`"cm" rSup { size 8{3} } } {}

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Mercury is commonly supplied in flasks containing 34.5 kg (about 76 lb). What is the volume in liters of this much mercury?

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(a) What is the mass of a deep breath of air having a volume of 2.00 L? (b) Discuss the effect taking such a breath has on your body's volume and density.

(a) 2.58 g

(b) The volume of your body increases by the volume of air you inhale. The average density of your body decreases when you take a deep breath, because the density of air is substantially smaller than the average density of the body before you took the deep breath.

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A straightforward method of finding the density of an object is to measure its mass and then measure its volume by submerging it in a graduated cylinder. What is the density of a 240-g rock that displaces 89 . 0 cm 3 size 12{"89" "." 0`"cm" rSup { size 8{3} } } {} of water? (Note that the accuracy and practical applications of this technique are more limited than a variety of others that are based on Archimedes' principle.)

2 . 70 g/cm 3 size 12{2 "." "70"`"g/cm" rSup { size 8{3} } } {}

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Suppose you have a coffee mug with a circular cross section and vertical sides (uniform radius). What is its inside radius if it holds 375 g of coffee when filled to a depth of 7.50 cm? Assume coffee has the same density as water.

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(a) A rectangular gasoline tank can hold 50.0 kg of gasoline when full. What is the depth of the tank if it is 0.500-m wide by 0.900-m long? (b) Discuss whether this gas tank has a reasonable volume for a passenger car.

(a) 0.163 m

(b) Equivalent to 19.4 gallons, which is reasonable

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A trash compactor can reduce the volume of its contents to 0.350 their original value. Neglecting the mass of air expelled, by what factor is the density of the rubbish increased?

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A 2.50-kg steel gasoline can holds 20.0 L of gasoline when full. What is the average density of the full gas can, taking into account the volume occupied by steel as well as by gasoline?

7 . 9 × 10 2 kg/m 3 size 12{7 "." 9 times "10" rSup { size 8{2} } `"kg/m" rSup { size 8{3} } } {}

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What is the density of 18.0-karat gold that is a mixture of 18 parts gold, 5 parts silver, and 1 part copper? (These values are parts by mass, not volume.) Assume that this is a simple mixture having an average density equal to the weighted densities of its constituents.

15 . 6 g/cm 3 size 12{"15" "." 6`"g/cm" rSup { size 8{3} } } {}

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There is relatively little empty space between atoms in solids and liquids, so that the average density of an atom is about the same as matter on a macroscopic scale—approximately 10 3 kg/m 3 size 12{"10" rSup { size 8{3} } `"kg/m" rSup { size 8{3} } } {} . The nucleus of an atom has a radius about 10 5 size 12{"10" rSup { size 8{ - 5} } } {} that of the atom and contains nearly all the mass of the entire atom. (a) What is the approximate density of a nucleus? (b) One remnant of a supernova, called a neutron star, can have the density of a nucleus. What would be the radius of a neutron star with a mass 10 times that of our Sun (the radius of the Sun is 7 × 10 8 m size 12{7 times "10" rSup { size 8{8} } `m} {} )?

(a) 10 18 kg/m 3 size 12{"10" rSup { size 8{"18"} } `"kg/m" rSup { size 8{3} } } {}

(b) 2 × 10 4 m size 12{2 times "10" rSup { size 8{4} } `m} {}

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Practice Key Terms 1

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Source:  OpenStax, College physics for ap® courses. OpenStax CNX. Nov 04, 2016 Download for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11844/1.14
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