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Test prep for ap courses

Which of the below was the first hint that conservation of mass and conservation of energy might need to be combined into one concept?

  1. The Van de Graaff generator.
  2. New particles showing up in accelerators.
  3. Yukawa's theory.
  4. They were always related.

(c), though this comes from Einstein's special relativity

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How fast would two 7.0-kg bowling balls each have to be going in a collision to have enough spare energy to create a 0.10-kg tennis ball? (Ignore relativistic effects.) Can you explain why we don't see this in daily situations?

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Use the information in [link] to answer the following questions.

Taking only energy and mass into consideration, what is the minimum amount of kinetic energy a K - must have when colliding with a stationary proton to produce an Ω?

  1. 240.5 MeV
  2. 120.0 MeV
  3. 15.5 MeV
  4. 57.6 GeV

(a)

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Using only energy-mass considerations, how many K 0 could a Z boson decay into? How many electrons and positrons could be produced this way?

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A π + and a π - are moving toward each other extremely slowly. When they collide, two π 0 are produced. How fast are they going? (Ignore relativistic effects.)

  1. Barely moving
  2. 1.0×10 7 m/s
  3. 2.0×10 7 m/s
  4. 7.8×10 7 m/s

(d)

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Assume that when a free neutron decays, it transforms into a proton and an electron. Calculate the kinetic energy of the electron.

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Summary

  • A variety of particle accelerators have been used to explore the nature of subatomic particles and to test predictions of particle theories.
  • Modern accelerators used in particle physics are either large synchrotrons or linear accelerators.
  • The use of colliding beams makes much greater energy available for the creation of particles, and collisions between matter and antimatter allow a greater range of final products.

Conceptual questions

The total energy in the beam of an accelerator is far greater than the energy of the individual beam particles. Why isn't this total energy available to create a single extremely massive particle?

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Synchrotron radiation takes energy from an accelerator beam and is related to acceleration. Why would you expect the problem to be more severe for electron accelerators than proton accelerators?

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What two major limitations prevent us from building high-energy accelerators that are physically small?

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What are the advantages of colliding-beam accelerators? What are the disadvantages?

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Problems&Exercises

At full energy, protons in the 2.00-km-diameter Fermilab synchrotron travel at nearly the speed of light, since their energy is about 1000 times their rest mass energy.

(a) How long does it take for a proton to complete one trip around?

(b) How many times per second will it pass through the target area?

(a) 2 . 09 × 10 5 s size 12{2 "." "09" times "10" rSup { size 8{ - 5} } `s} {}

(b) 4 . 77 × 10 4 Hz size 12{4 "." "77" times "10" rSup { size 8{4} } `"Hz"} {}

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Suppose a W size 12{W rSup { size 8{ - {}} } } {} created in a bubble chamber lives for 5 . 00 × 10 25 s size 12{5 "." "00" times "10" rSup { size 8{ - "25"} } `s} {} . What distance does it move in this time if it is traveling at 0.900 c ? Since this distance is too short to make a track, the presence of the W size 12{W rSup { size 8{ - {}} } } {} must be inferred from its decay products. Note that the time is longer than the given W size 12{W rSup { size 8{ - {}} } } {} lifetime, which can be due to the statistical nature of decay or time dilation.

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What length track does a π + size 12{π rSup { size 8{+{}} } } {} traveling at 0.100 c leave in a bubble chamber if it is created there and lives for 2 . 60 × 10 8 s size 12{2 "." "60" times "10" rSup { size 8{ - 8} } `s} {} ? (Those moving faster or living longer may escape the detector before decaying.)

78.0 cm

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The 3.20-km-long SLAC produces a beam of 50.0-GeV electrons. If there are 15,000 accelerating tubes, what average voltage must be across the gaps between them to achieve this energy?

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Because of energy loss due to synchrotron radiation in the LHC at CERN, only 5.00 MeV is added to the energy of each proton during each revolution around the main ring. How many revolutions are needed to produce 7.00-TeV (7000 GeV) protons, if they are injected with an initial energy of 8.00 GeV?

1 . 40 × 10 6 size 12{1 "." "40" times "10" rSup { size 8{6} } } {}

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A proton and an antiproton collide head-on, with each having a kinetic energy of 7.00 TeV (such as in the LHC at CERN). How much collision energy is available, taking into account the annihilation of the two masses? (Note that this is not significantly greater than the extremely relativistic kinetic energy.)

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When an electron and positron collide at the SLAC facility, they each have 50.0 GeV kinetic energies. What is the total collision energy available, taking into account the annihilation energy? Note that the annihilation energy is insignificant, because the electrons are highly relativistic.

100 GeV

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Questions & Answers

A golfer on a fairway is 70 m away from the green, which sits below the level of the fairway by 20 m. If the golfer hits the ball at an angle of 40° with an initial speed of 20 m/s, how close to the green does she come?
Aislinn Reply
cm
tijani
what is titration
John Reply
what is physics
Siyaka Reply
A mouse of mass 200 g falls 100 m down a vertical mine shaft and lands at the bottom with a speed of 8.0 m/s. During its fall, how much work is done on the mouse by air resistance
Jude Reply
Can you compute that for me. Ty
Jude
what is the dimension formula of energy?
David Reply
what is viscosity?
David
what is inorganic
emma Reply
what is chemistry
Youesf Reply
what is inorganic
emma
Chemistry is a branch of science that deals with the study of matter,it composition,it structure and the changes it undergoes
Adjei
please, I'm a physics student and I need help in physics
Adjanou
chemistry could also be understood like the sexual attraction/repulsion of the male and female elements. the reaction varies depending on the energy differences of each given gender. + masculine -female.
Pedro
A ball is thrown straight up.it passes a 2.0m high window 7.50 m off the ground on it path up and takes 1.30 s to go past the window.what was the ball initial velocity
Krampah Reply
2. A sled plus passenger with total mass 50 kg is pulled 20 m across the snow (0.20) at constant velocity by a force directed 25° above the horizontal. Calculate (a) the work of the applied force, (b) the work of friction, and (c) the total work.
Sahid Reply
you have been hired as an espert witness in a court case involving an automobile accident. the accident involved car A of mass 1500kg which crashed into stationary car B of mass 1100kg. the driver of car A applied his brakes 15 m before he skidded and crashed into car B. after the collision, car A s
Samuel Reply
can someone explain to me, an ignorant high school student, why the trend of the graph doesn't follow the fact that the higher frequency a sound wave is, the more power it is, hence, making me think the phons output would follow this general trend?
Joseph Reply
Nevermind i just realied that the graph is the phons output for a person with normal hearing and not just the phons output of the sound waves power, I should read the entire thing next time
Joseph
Follow up question, does anyone know where I can find a graph that accuretly depicts the actual relative "power" output of sound over its frequency instead of just humans hearing
Joseph
"Generation of electrical energy from sound energy | IEEE Conference Publication | IEEE Xplore" ***ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7150687?reload=true
Ryan
what's motion
Maurice Reply
what are the types of wave
Maurice
answer
Magreth
progressive wave
Magreth
hello friend how are you
Muhammad Reply
fine, how about you?
Mohammed
hi
Mujahid
A string is 3.00 m long with a mass of 5.00 g. The string is held taut with a tension of 500.00 N applied to the string. A pulse is sent down the string. How long does it take the pulse to travel the 3.00 m of the string?
yasuo Reply
Who can show me the full solution in this problem?
Reofrir Reply
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Source:  OpenStax, College physics for ap® courses. OpenStax CNX. Nov 04, 2016 Download for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11844/1.14
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