1. Home
  2. Contemporary math applications
  3. Helpful topics
  4. Whole numbers
  5. Whole numbers: multiplication

7.4 Whole numbers: multiplication

<< Chapter < Page
  Contemporary math applications     Page 1 / 3
Chapter >> Page >
This module is from Fundamentals of Mathematics by Denny Burzynski and Wade Ellis, Jr. This module discusses how to multiply whole numbers. By the end of the module students should be able to understand the process of multiplication, multiply whole numbers, simplify multiplications with numbers ending in zero, and use a calculator to multiply one whole number by another.

Section overview

  • Multiplication
  • The Multiplication Process With a Single Digit Multiplier
  • The Multiplication Process With a Multiple Digit Multiplier
  • Multiplication With Numbers Ending in Zero
  • Calculators

Multiplication

Multiplication is a description of repeated addition.

In the addition of

5 + 5 + 5 size 12{5+5+5} {}

the number 5 is repeated 3 times. Therefore, we say we have three times five and describe it by writing

3 × 5 size 12{3 times 5} {}

Thus,

3 × 5 = 5 + 5 + 5 size 12{3 times 5=5+5+5} {}

Multiplicand

In a multiplication, the repeated addend (number being added) is called the multi­plicand . In 3 × 5 size 12{3 times 5} {} , the 5 is the multiplicand.

Multiplier

Also, in a multiplication, the number that records the number of times the multiplicand is used is called the multiplier . In 3 × 5 size 12{3 times 5} {} , the 3 is the multiplier.

Sample set a

Express each repeated addition as a multiplication. In each case, specify the multiplier and the multiplicand.

7 + 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 size 12{7+7+7+7+7+7} {}

6 × 7 size 12{6 times 7} {} . Multiplier is 6. Multiplicand is 7.

18 + 18 + 18 size 12{"18"+"18"+"18"} {}

3 × 18 size 12{3 times "18"} {} . Multiplier is 3. Multiplicand is 18.

Practice set a

Express each repeated addition as a multiplication. In each case, specify the multiplier and the multiplicand.

12 + 12 + 12 + 12 size 12{"12"+"12"+"12"+"12"} {}

. Multiplier is . Multiplicand is .

4 × 12 size 12{4 times "12"} {} . Multiplier is 4. Multiplicand is 12.

36 + 36 + 36 + 36 + 36 + 36 + 36 + 36 size 12{"36"+"36"+"36"+"36"+"36"+"36"+"36"+"36"} {}

. Multiplier is . Multiplicand is .

8 × 36 size 12{8 times "36"} {} . Multiplier is 8. Multiplicand is 36.

0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 size 12{0+0+0+0+0} {}

. Multiplier is . Multiplicand is .

5 × 0 size 12{5 times 0} {} . Multiplier is 5. Multiplicand is 0.

1847 + 1847 + ... + 1847 ︸ 12,000 times

. Multiplier is . Multiplicand is .

12 , 000 × 1, 847 size 12{"12","000" times 1,"847"} {} . Multiplier is 12,000. Multiplicand is 1,847.

Factors

In a multiplication, the numbers being multiplied are also called factors .

Products

The result of a multiplication is called the product . In 3 × 5 = 15 size 12{3 times 5="15"} {} , the 3 and 5 are not only called the multiplier and multiplicand, but they are also called factors. The product is 15.

Indicators of multiplication × ,⋅,( )

The multiplication symbol ( × ) is not the only symbol used to indicate multiplication. Other symbols include the dot ( ⋅ ) and pairs of parentheses ( ). The expressions

3 × 5 size 12{3 times 5} {} , 3 ⋅ 5 size 12{3 cdot 5} {} , 3 ( 5 ) size 12{3 \( 5 \) } {} , ( 3 ) 5 size 12{ \( 3 \) 5} {} , ( 3 ) ( 5 ) size 12{ \( 3 \) \( 5 \) } {}

all represent the same product.

The multiplication process with a single digit multiplier

Since multiplication is repeated addition, we should not be surprised to notice that carrying can occur. Carrying occurs when we find the product of 38 and 7:

Vertical multiplication. 38 times 7 is 266. The 5 is carried on top of the 3.

First, we compute 7 × 8 = 56 size 12{7 times 8="56"} {} . Write the 6 in the ones column. Carry the 5. Then take 7 × 3 = 21 size 12{7 times 3="21"} {} . Add to 21 the 5 that was carried: 21 + 5 = 26 size 12{"21"+5="26"} {} . The product is 266.

Sample set b

Find the following products.

Vertical multiplication. 64 times 3 is 192. The 1 is carried on top of the 6.

3 × 4 = 12 Write the 2, carry the 1. 3 × 6 = 18 Add to 18 the 1 that was carried: 18 + 1 = 19 .

The product is 192.

Vertical multiplication. 526 times 5 is 2,630. The 2 is carried on top of the 2, and the 1 is carried on top of the 5.

5 × 6 = 30 Write the 0, carry the 3. 5 × 2 = 10 Add to 10 the 3 that was carried: 10 + 3 = 13 . Write the 3, carry the 1. 5 × 5 = 25 Add to 25 the 1 that was carried: 25 + 1 = 6 .

The product is 2,630.

Questions & Answers

distinguish between anatomy and physiology
Amina Reply
Anatomy is the study of internal structure of an organism while physiology is the study of the function/relationship of the body organs working together as a system in an organism.
adeyeye
distinguish between anatomy and physiology
Erny Reply
regional anatomy is the study of the body regionally
Ismail Reply
what is the meaning of regional anatomy
Aminat Reply
epithelial tissue: it covers the Hollow organs and body cavities
Esomchi Reply
in short way what those epithelial tissue mean
Zainab Reply
in short way what those epithelial tissue mean
Chizoba
What is the function of the skeleton
Lilias Reply
movement
Ogar
Locomotion
Ojo
support
Aishat
and body shape/form
Aishat
what is homeostasis?
Samuel Reply
what's physiology
AminchiSunday Reply
what is physiology
AminchiSunday
physically is the study of the function of the body
Najaatu
that is what I want ask
YAU
u are wright
YAU
pls what are the main treatment of hiccups
YAU
physiology is the study of the function of the body
Najaatu
hiccups happen when something irritates the nerves that course your diaphragm to contract
Najaatu
how did hypothalamus manege to control all activities of the various hormones
malual
what is protein
Abdulsalam
how can I treat pain a patient feels after eating meals
Namuli Reply
how do I treat a three year old baby of skin infection?
Okocha Reply
It depends on the type of infection. Bacterial, fungal, parasitic or viral?
schler
if you can share the sign ad symptoms of the skin infection then u geh the treatment cox they're different sign ad symptoms of skin infection with different treatment
Sa
the sign and symptoms of maleria
Abdulsalam
prostaglandin and fever
Maha Reply
yes
rayyanu
welcome sir
rayyanu
prostaglandin E2 is the final mediator.
Lemlem
prostaglandin E2 is the final mediator of fever.
Lemlem
yes
Agabi
good evening
Jediel
tissue.
Akoi
explain
Chizoba
Hi
Anya
,good evening
Anya
Discuss the differences between taste and flavor, including how other sensory inputs contribute to our  perception of flavor.
John Reply
taste refers to your understanding of the flavor . while flavor one The other hand is refers to sort of just a blend things.
Faith
While taste primarily relies on our taste buds, flavor involves a complex interplay between taste and aroma
Kamara
which drugs can we use for ulcers
Ummi Reply
omeprazole
Kamara
what
Renee
what is this
Renee
is a drug
Kamara
of anti-ulcer
Kamara
Omeprazole Cimetidine / Tagament For the complicated once ulcer - kit
Patrick
what is the function of lymphatic system
Nency Reply
Not really sure
Eli
to drain extracellular fluid all over the body.
asegid
The lymphatic system plays several crucial roles in the human body, functioning as a key component of the immune system and contributing to the maintenance of fluid balance. Its main functions include: 1. Immune Response: The lymphatic system produces and transports lymphocytes, which are a type of
asegid
to transport fluids fats proteins and lymphocytes to the blood stream as lymph
Adama
Got questions? Join the online conversation and get instant answers!
Jobilize.com Reply
<< Chapter < Page Page > Chapter >>

Read also:

Get Jobilize Job Search Mobile App in your pocket Now!

Get it on Google Play Download on the App Store Now




Source:  OpenStax, Contemporary math applications. OpenStax CNX. Dec 15, 2014 Download for free at http://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11559/1.6
Google Play and the Google Play logo are trademarks of Google Inc.

Notification Switch

Would you like to follow the 'Contemporary math applications' conversation and receive update notifications?

Ask