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Virtue tables
The table just below provides a format for spellingout individual virtues through (1) a general description, (2) the
correlative vices of excess and defect, (3) the skills and mentalstates that accompany and support it, and (4) real and fictional
individuals who embody it. Following the table are hints on how toidentify and characterize virtues. We start with the virtue of
integrity:
Virtue |
Description |
Excess |
Defect |
Obstacles to realizing the virtue in professional practices |
Moral Exemplar |
Integrity |
A meta-virtue in which the holder exhibits unity of character manifested in holding together even in the face of strong disruptive pressures or temptations |
Excess: Rigidity--sticking to one´s guns even when one is obviously wrong(2,3) |
Defect: Wantonness. A condition where one exhibits no stability or consistency in character |
Individual corruption: Individuals can be tempted by greed toward the vice of defect. Lack of moral courage can also move one to both extremes |
Saint Thomas More as portrayed in Robert Bolt´s A Man for All Seasons. More refuses to take an oath that goes against the core beliefs in terms of which he defines himself. |
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Institutional Corruption: One may work in an organization where corruption is the norm. This generates dilemmas like following an illegal order or getting fired. |
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Exercise 1: construct virtue tables for professional virtues
- Discuss in your group why the virtue you have been assigned is important for the practice of your profession. What goods or values does the consistent employment of this virtue produce?
- Use the discussion in #1 to develop a general description of your virtue. Think along the following lines: people who have virtue X tend to exhibit certain characteristics (or do certain things) in certain kinds of situations. Try to think of these situations in terms of what is common and important to your profession or practice.
- Identify the corresponding vices. What characterizes the points of excess and defect between which your virtue as the mean lies?
- What obstacles arise that prevent professionals from practicing your virtue? Do well-meaning professionals lack power or technical skill? Can virtues interfere with the realization of non-moral values like financial values? See if you can think of a supporting scenario or case here.
- Identify a moral exemplar for your virtue. Make use of the exemplars described in the
Moral Exemplars in Business and Professional Ethics module.
- Go back to task #2. Redefine your description of your virtue in light of the subsequent tasks, especially the moral exemplar you identified. Check for coherence.
- Finally, does your virtue stand alone or does it need support from other virtues or skills? For example, integrity might also require moral courage.
Exercise 2: reflect on these concluding issues
- Did you have trouble identifying a moral
exemplar? Many turn to popular figures for their moral exemplars.Movies and fiction also offer powerful models. Why do you think
that it is hard to find moral exemplars in your profession? Is itbecause your profession is a den of corruption? (Probably not.) Do
we focus more on villains than on heroes? Why or why not?
- What did you think about the moral leaders
portrayed in the
Moral Exemplars in Business and Professional Ethics module?
- Did you have trouble identifying both vices, i.e., vices of excess and defect? If so, do you think this because some virtues may not have vices of excess and defect? What do you think about Aristotle's doctrine of the mean?
- Did you notice that the virtue profiles given by your group and the other groups in the class
overlapped? Is this a problem for virtue theory? Why do our conceptions of the key moral values and virtues overlap?
- Did you find the virtues difficult to
apply? What do you think about the utilitarian and deontological criticism of virtue ethics, namely, that it cannot provide us with guidelines on how to act in difficult situations? Should ethical theories emphasize the act or the person? Or both?
- The most tenacious obstacle to working with
virtue ethics is to change focus from the morally minimal to themorally exemplary. “Virtue” is the translation of the Greek word,
arête. But “excellence” is, perhaps, a better word. Understandingvirtue ethics requires seeing that virtue is concerned with the
exemplary, not the barely passable. (Again, looking at moralexemplars helps.) Arête transforms our understanding of common
moral values like justice and responsibility by moving fromminimally acceptable to exemplary models.
Questions & Answers
a general and ongoing rise in the level of prices in an economy
AI-Robot
What are the factors that affect demand for a commodity
differentiate between demand and supply
giving examples
differentiated between demand and supply using examples
Lambiv
how is the graph works?I don't fully understand
hi guys good evening to all
Lambiv
In economics, a perfect market refers to a theoretical construct where all participants have perfect information, goods are homogenous, there are no barriers to entry or exit, and prices are determined solely by supply and demand. It's an idealized model used for analysis,
Ezea
other things being equal
AI-Robot
When MP₁ becomes negative, TP start to decline.
Extuples Suppose that the short-run production function of certain cut-flower firm is given by: Q=4KL-0.6K2 - 0.112 •
Where is quantity of cut flower produced, I is labour input and K is fixed capital input (K-5). Determine the average product of lab
Kelo
Extuples Suppose that the short-run production function of certain cut-flower firm is given by: Q=4KL-0.6K2 - 0.112 •
Where is quantity of cut flower produced, I is labour input and K is fixed capital input (K-5). Determine the average product of labour (APL) and marginal product of labour (MPL)
Kelo
Can I ask you other question?
Shukri
What is different between quantity demand and demand?
Quantity demanded refers to the specific amount of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to purchase at a give price and within a specific time period. Demand, on the other hand, is a broader concept that encompasses the entire relationship between price and quantity demanded
Ezea
how do you save a country economic situation when it's falling apart
what is the difference between economic growth and development
Economic growth as an increase in the production and consumption of goods and services within an economy.but
Economic development as a broader concept that encompasses not only economic growth but also social & human well being.
Shukri
production function means
Jabir
What do you think is more important to focus on when considering inequality ?
any question about economics?
sir...I just want to ask one question... Define the term contract curve? if you are free please help me to find this answer 🙏
Asui
it is a curve that we get after connecting the pareto optimal combinations of two consumers after their mutually beneficial trade offs
Awais
thank you so much 👍 sir
Asui
In economics, the contract curve refers to the set of points in an Edgeworth box diagram where both parties involved in a trade cannot be made better off without making one of them worse off. It represents the Pareto efficient allocations of goods between two individuals or entities, where neither p
Cornelius
In economics, the contract curve refers to the set of points in an Edgeworth box diagram where both parties involved in a trade cannot be made better off without making one of them worse off. It represents the Pareto efficient allocations of goods between two individuals or entities,
Cornelius
Suppose a consumer consuming two commodities X and Y has
The following utility function u=X0.4 Y0.6. If the price of the X and Y are 2 and 3 respectively and income Constraint is birr 50.
A,Calculate quantities of x and y which maximize utility.
B,Calculate value of Lagrange multiplier.
C,Calculate quantities of X and Y consumed with a given price.
D,alculate optimum level of output .
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Source:
OpenStax, Collection of ethics modules for civis. OpenStax CNX. Feb 26, 2013 Download for free at http://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11493/1.1
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