Logic provides a way to talk about
truth and correctness in a rigourous way,so that we can prove things, rather than
make intelligent guesses and just hope they are correct.
The ancient Greeks loved to hang around on the
stoa ,
sip some wine, and debate.But at the end of the day, they wanted to sit back and
decide who had won the argument.When Socrates
claims that one statement
follows from another, is it actually so?Shouldn't there be some set of rules to officially determine
when an argument is correct?Thus began the formal study of logic.
The three fundamental studies were the
Trivium grammar (words), logic (reasoning), and rhetoric (effective communication).These allowed study of the
Quadrivium arithmetic (patterns in number),geometry (patterns in space),
music (patterns in tone), andastronomy (patterns in time).
All together, these subjects comprise
the seven liberal arts .
These issues are of course still with us today.
And while it might be difficult to codify real-worldarguments about (say) gun-control laws,
programs
can be
fully formalized, and correctness can be specified.We'll look at three examples where formal proofs are applicable:
playing a simple game, WaterWorld;
checking a program for type errors;
circuit verification.
Many other areas of computer science routinely involve proofs, although
we won't explore them here.Manufacturing robots first prove that they can twist and move to
where they need to go before doing so, in order to avoid crashing intowhat they're building.
When programming a collection of client and server computers,we usually want to prove that the manner in which they communicate guarantees
that no clients are always ignored.Optimizing compilers prove that, within your program, some faster piece of
code behaves the same as and can replace what you wrote.With software systems controlling more and more life-critical applications,
it's important to be able to
prove that a program always does what it claims.
Waterworld
Consider a game called WaterWorld, where each location is either
empty sea or contains a pirate.When you enter a location, you must
correctly anticipate whether or not it contains pirates.
If you correctly anticipate open sea, you are able to enter and
determine how many of the (up to 3) adjacent locations containa pirate.
If you correctly anticipate a pirate, the location
is tagged as dangerous, and you gather no further information.
Furthermore, there are really two types of moves:
guesses, and assertions.If you make an assertion, then even if you happen to be correct but
it is possible you could have been wrong, then it is an error.Also, it is an error if you make a guess about a location
if it is actually possible to assert a location's contents.The interesting fact about these types of games is that while
sometimes guesses are necessary (when?),surprisingly often an assertion can be made.
Communication is effective because it allows individuals to share ideas, thoughts, and information with others.
effective communication can lead to improved outcomes in various settings, including personal relationships, business environments, and educational settings. By communicating effectively, individuals can negotiate effectively, solve problems collaboratively, and work towards common goals.
it starts up serve and return practice/assessments.it helps find voice talking therapy also assessments through relaxed conversation.
miss
Every time someone flushes a toilet in the apartment building, the person begins to jumb back automatically after hearing the flush, before the water temperature changes. Identify the types of learning, if it is classical conditioning identify the NS, UCS, CS and CR. If it is operant conditioning, identify the type of consequence positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement or punishment
nature is an hereditary factor while nurture is an environmental factor which constitute an individual personality. so if an individual's parent has a deviant behavior and was also brought up in an deviant environment, observation of the behavior and the inborn trait we make the individual deviant.
Samuel
I am taking this course because I am hoping that I could somehow learn more about my chosen field of interest and due to the fact that being a PsyD really ignites my passion as an individual the more I hope to learn about developing and literally explore the complexity of my critical thinking skills
