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Sammy falls asleep...

While sitting in ELEC 241 class, he falls asleep during a critical time when an AM receiver is being described.The received signal has the form r t A 1 m t 2 f c t φ where the phase φ is unknown. The message signal is m t ; it has a bandwidth of W Hz and a magnitude less than 1( m t 1 ). The phase φ is unknown. The instructor drew a diagram for a receiver on the board; Sammy slept through the description of what the unknownsystems where.

  1. What are the signals x c t and x s t ?
  2. What would you put in for the unknown systems that would guarantee that the final output contained themessage regardless of the phase?
    Think of a trigonometric identity that would prove useful.
  3. Sammy may have been asleep, but he can think of a far simpler receiver. What is it?

Jamming

Sid Richardson college decides to set up its own AM radio station KSRR. The resident electrical engineerdecides that she can choose any carrier frequency and message bandwidth for the station. A rival college decides to jam its transmissions by transmitting a high-power signal thatinterferes with radios that try to receive KSRR. The jamming signal jam t is what is known as a sawtooth wave (depicted in [link] ) having a period known to KSRR's engineer.

  1. Find the spectrum of the jamming signal.
  2. Can KSRR entirely circumvent the attempt to jam it by carefully choosing its carrier frequency andtransmission bandwidth? If so, find the station's carrier frequency and transmission bandwidth in termsof T , the period of the jamming signal; if not, showwhy not.

Am stereo

A stereophonic signal consists of a "left" signal l t and a "right" signal r t that conveys sounds coming from an orchestra's left andright sides, respectively. To transmit these two signals simultaneously, the transmitter first forms thesum signal s + t l t r t and the difference signal s - t l t r t . Then, the transmitter amplitude-modulates the differencesignal with a sinusoid having frequency 2 W , where W is the bandwidth of the left and right signals. The sum signal and the modulated difference signal are added,the sum amplitude-modulated to the radio station's carrier frequency f c , and transmitted. Assume the spectra of the left and right signals are as shown .

  1. What is the expression for the transmitted signal? Sketch its spectrum.
  2. Show the block diagram of a stereo AM receiver that can yield the left and right signals as separateoutputs.
  3. What signal would be produced by a conventionalcoherent AM receiver that expects to receive a standard AM signal conveying a message signal havingbandwidth W ?

Novel am stereo method

A clever engineer has submitted a patent for a new method for transmitting two signals simultaneously in the same transmission bandwidth as commercial AM radio. As shown , her approach is to modulate the positive portion of the carrier with onesignal and the negative portion with a second.

In detail the two message signals m 1 t and m 2 t are bandlimited to W Hz and have maximal amplitudes equal to 1. The carrier has a frequency f c much greater than W . The transmitted signal x t is given by x t A 1 a m 1 t 2 f c t 2 f c t 0 A 1 a m 2 t 2 f c t 2 f c t 0 In all cases, 0 a 1 . The plot shows the transmitted signal when the messagesare sinusoids: m 1 t 2 f m t and m 2 t 2 2 f m t where 2 f m W . You, as the patent examiner, must determine whether thescheme meets its claims and is useful.
  1. Provide a more concise expression for the transmitted signal x t than given above.
  2. What is the receiver for this scheme? It would yield both m 1 t and m 2 t from x t .
  3. Find the spectrum of the positive portion of the transmitted signal.
  4. Determine whether this scheme satisfies the design criteria, allowing you to grant the patent. Explainyour reasoning.

A radical radio idea

An ELEC 241 student has the bright idea of using a square wave instead of a sinusoid as an AM carrier. Thetransmitted signal would have the form x t A 1 m t sq T t where the message signal m t would be amplitude-limited: m t 1

  1. Assuming the message signal is lowpass and has a bandwidth of W Hz, what values for the square wave's period T are feasible. In other words, do some combinationsof W and T prevent reception?
  2. Assuming reception is possible, can standard radios receive this innovative AM transmission? If so, show how acoherent receiver could demodulate it; if not, show how the coherent receiver's output would becorrupted. Assume that the message bandwidth W 5  kHz.

Secret communication

An amplitude-modulated secret message m t has the following form. r t A 1 m t 2 f c f 0 t The message signal has a bandwidth of W Hz and a magnitude less than 1 ( m t 1 ). The idea is to offset the carrier frequency by f 0 Hz from standard radio carrier frequencies. Thus,"off-the-shelf" coherent demodulators would assume the carrier frequency has f c Hz. Here, f 0 W .

  1. Sketch the spectrum of the demodulated signal produced by a coherent demodulator tuned to f c Hz.
  2. Will this demodulated signal be a “scrambled” version of the original? If so, how so; if not, why not?
  3. Can you develop a receiver that can demodulate the message without knowing the offset frequency f c ?

Signal scrambling

An excited inventor announces the discovery of a way of using analog technology to render musicunlistenable without knowing the secret recovery method. The idea is to modulate the bandlimited message m t by a special periodic signal s t that is zero during half of its period, which renders the message unlistenable and superficially, atleast, unrecoverable ( [link] ).

  1. What is the Fourier series for the periodic signal?
  2. What are the restrictions on the period T so that the messagesignal can be recovered from m t s t ?
  3. ELEC 241 students think they have "broken" the inventor's scheme and are going to announce it to theworld. How would they recover the original message without having detailed knowledge of the modulating signal?

Questions & Answers

A golfer on a fairway is 70 m away from the green, which sits below the level of the fairway by 20 m. If the golfer hits the ball at an angle of 40° with an initial speed of 20 m/s, how close to the green does she come?
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cm
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A ball is thrown straight up.it passes a 2.0m high window 7.50 m off the ground on it path up and takes 1.30 s to go past the window.what was the ball initial velocity
Krampah Reply
2. A sled plus passenger with total mass 50 kg is pulled 20 m across the snow (0.20) at constant velocity by a force directed 25° above the horizontal. Calculate (a) the work of the applied force, (b) the work of friction, and (c) the total work.
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you have been hired as an espert witness in a court case involving an automobile accident. the accident involved car A of mass 1500kg which crashed into stationary car B of mass 1100kg. the driver of car A applied his brakes 15 m before he skidded and crashed into car B. after the collision, car A s
Samuel Reply
can someone explain to me, an ignorant high school student, why the trend of the graph doesn't follow the fact that the higher frequency a sound wave is, the more power it is, hence, making me think the phons output would follow this general trend?
Joseph Reply
Nevermind i just realied that the graph is the phons output for a person with normal hearing and not just the phons output of the sound waves power, I should read the entire thing next time
Joseph
Follow up question, does anyone know where I can find a graph that accuretly depicts the actual relative "power" output of sound over its frequency instead of just humans hearing
Joseph
"Generation of electrical energy from sound energy | IEEE Conference Publication | IEEE Xplore" ***ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7150687?reload=true
Ryan
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answer
Magreth
progressive wave
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Mujahid
A string is 3.00 m long with a mass of 5.00 g. The string is held taut with a tension of 500.00 N applied to the string. A pulse is sent down the string. How long does it take the pulse to travel the 3.00 m of the string?
yasuo Reply
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Source:  OpenStax, Fundamentals of electrical engineering i. OpenStax CNX. Aug 06, 2008 Download for free at http://legacy.cnx.org/content/col10040/1.9
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