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4 x 3 y 5 2 x y 3 is a binomial of degree 8. The degree of the first term is 8.

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3 x + 10 is a binomial of degree 1.

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Linear quadratic cubic

Polynomials of the first degree are called linear polynomials.
Polynomials of the second degree are called quadratic polynomials.
Polynomials of the third degree are called cubic polynomials.
Polynomials of the fourth degree are called fourth degree polynomials.
Polynomials of the n th degree are called n th degree polynomials.
Nonzero constants are polynomials of the 0th degree.

Some examples of these polynomials follow:

4 x 9 is a linear polynomial.

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3 x 2 + 5 x 7 is a quadratic polynomial.

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8 y 2 x 3 is a cubic polynomial.

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16 a 2 32 a 5 64 is a 5th degree polynomial.

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x 12 y 12 is a 12th degree polynomial.

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7 x 5 y 7 z 3 2 x 4 y 7 z + x 3 y 7 is a 15th degree polynomial. The first term is of degree 5 + 7 + 3 = 15 .

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43 is a 0th degree polynomial.

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Classification of polynomial equations

As we know, an equation is composed of two algebraic expressions separated by an equal sign. If the two expressions happen to be polynomial expressions, then we can classify the equation according to its degree. Classification of equations by degree is useful since equations of the same degree have the same type of graph. (We will study graphs of equations in Chapter 6.)

The degree of an equation is the degree of the highest degree expression.

Sample set a

x + 7 = 15 .

This is a linear equation since it is of degree 1, the degree of the expression on the left of the " = " sign.

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5 x 2 + 2 x 7 = 4 is a quadratic equation since it is of degree 2.

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9 x 3 8 = 5 x 2 + 1 is a cubic equation since it is of degree 3. The expression on the left of the " = " sign is of degree 3.

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y 4 x 4 = 0 is a 4th degree equation.

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a 5 3 a 4 = a 3 + 6 a 4 7 is a 5th degree equation.

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y = 2 3 x + 3 is a linear equation.

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y = 3 x 2 1 is a quadratic equation.

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x 2 y 2 4 = 0 is a 4th degree equation. The degree of x 2 y 2 4 is 2 + 2 = 4 .

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Practice set a

Classify the following equations in terms of their degree.

3 x + 6 = 0

first, or linear

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9 x 2 + 5 x 6 = 3

quadratic

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25 y 3 + y = 9 y 2 17 y + 4

cubic

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5 x 7 = 3 x 5 2 x 8 + 11 x 9

eighth degree

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Exercises

For the following problems, classify each polynomial as a monomial, binomial, or trinomial. State the degree of each polynomial and write the numerical coefficient of each term.

5 x + 7

binomial; first (linear); 5 , 7

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4 x 2 + 9

binomial; second (quadratic); 4 , 9

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a 4 + 1

binomial; fourth; 1 , 1

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5 x

monomial; first (linear); 5

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5 x 3 + 2 x + 3

trinomial; third (cubic); 5 , 2 , 3

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41 a 3 + 22 a 2 + a

trinomial; third (cubic); 41 , 22 , 1

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2 c 6 + 0

monomial; sixth; 2

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9 g

monomial; first (linear); 9

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3 y z 6 y + 11

trinomial; second (quadratic); 3 , 6 , 11

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7 a b 2 c 2 + 2 a 2 b 3 c 5 + a 14

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x 4 y 3 z 2 + 9 z

binomial; ninth; 1 , 9

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6 + 3 x 2 y 5 b

binomial; eighth; 6 , 3

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9 + 3 x 2 + 2 x y 6 z 2

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3 x 2 y 0 z 4 + 12 z 3 , y 0

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4 x y 3 z 5 w 0 , w 0

monomial; ninth; 4

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Classify each of the equations for the following problems by degree. If the term linear, quadratic, or cubic applies, state it.

9 z = 12 x 18

linear

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y 5 + y 3 = 3 y 2 + 2

cubic

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x 2 + x 4 = 7 x 2 2 x + 9

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2 y + 5 x 3 + 4 x y = 5 x y + 2 y

quadratic

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8 a + 2 b = 4 b 8

linear

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2 x 5 8 x 2 + 9 x + 4 = 12 x 4 + 3 x 3 + 4 x 2 + 1

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x + 3 x 5 = x + 2 x 5

fifth degree

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3 x 2 y 4 + 2 x 8 y = 14

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10 a 2 b 3 c 6 d 0 e 4 + 27 a 3 b 2 b 4 b 3 b 2 c 5 = 1 , d 0

19th degree

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The expression 4 x 3 9 x 7 is not a polynomial because

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The expression a 4 7 a is not a polynomial because

. . . there is a variable in the denominator

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Is every algebraic expression a polynomial expression? If not, give an example of an algebraic expression that is not a polynomial expression.

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Is every polynomial expression an algebraic expression? If not, give an example of a polynomial expression that is not an algebraic expression.

yes

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How do we find the degree of a term that contains more than one variable?

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Exercises for review

( [link] ) Use algebraic notation to write “eleven minus three times a number is five.”

11 3 x = 5

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( [link] ) Simplify ( x 4 y 2 z 3 ) 5 .

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( [link] ) Find the value of z if z = x u s and x = 55 , u = 49 , and s = 3 .

z = 2

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( [link] ) List, if any should appear, the common factors in the expression 3 x 4 + 6 x 3 18 x 2 .

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( [link] ) State (by writing it) the relationship being expressed by the equation y = 3 x + 5 .

The value of y is 5 more then three times the value of  x .

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Questions & Answers

Ayele, K., 2003. Introductory Economics, 3rd ed., Addis Ababa.
Widad Reply
can you send the book attached ?
Ariel
?
Ariel
What is economics
Widad Reply
the study of how humans make choices under conditions of scarcity
AI-Robot
U(x,y) = (x×y)1/2 find mu of x for y
Desalegn Reply
U(x,y) = (x×y)1/2 find mu of x for y
Desalegn
what is ecnomics
Jan Reply
this is the study of how the society manages it's scarce resources
Belonwu
what is macroeconomic
John Reply
macroeconomic is the branch of economics which studies actions, scale, activities and behaviour of the aggregate economy as a whole.
husaini
etc
husaini
difference between firm and industry
husaini Reply
what's the difference between a firm and an industry
Abdul
firm is the unit which transform inputs to output where as industry contain combination of firms with similar production 😅😅
Abdulraufu
Suppose the demand function that a firm faces shifted from Qd  120 3P to Qd  90  3P and the supply function has shifted from QS  20  2P to QS 10  2P . a) Find the effect of this change on price and quantity. b) Which of the changes in demand and supply is higher?
Toofiq Reply
explain standard reason why economic is a science
innocent Reply
factors influencing supply
Petrus Reply
what is economic.
Milan Reply
scares means__________________ends resources. unlimited
Jan
economics is a science that studies human behaviour as a relationship b/w ends and scares means which have alternative uses
Jan
calculate the profit maximizing for demand and supply
Zarshad Reply
Why qualify 28 supplies
Milan
what are explicit costs
Nomsa Reply
out-of-pocket costs for a firm, for example, payments for wages and salaries, rent, or materials
AI-Robot
concepts of supply in microeconomics
David Reply
economic overview notes
Amahle Reply
identify a demand and a supply curve
Salome Reply
i don't know
Parul
there's a difference
Aryan
Demand curve shows that how supply and others conditions affect on demand of a particular thing and what percent demand increase whith increase of supply of goods
Israr
Hi Sir please how do u calculate Cross elastic demand and income elastic demand?
Abari
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Source:  OpenStax, Elementary algebra. OpenStax CNX. May 08, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col10614/1.3
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