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0.7 Standard thermodynamic properties for selected substances

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Standard Thermodynamic Properties for Selected Substances
Substance Δ H f ° (kJ mol – ) Δ G f ° (kJ mol –1 ) S 298 ° (J K –1 mol –1 )
aluminum
Al( s ) 0 0 28.3
Al( g ) 324.4 285.7 164.54
Al 3+ ( aq ) –531 –485 –321.7
Al 2 O 3 ( s ) –1676 –1582 50.92
AlF 3 ( s ) –1510.4 –1425 66.5
AlCl 3 ( s ) –704.2 –628.8 110.67
AlCl 3 ·6H 2 O( s ) –2691.57 –2269.40 376.56
Al 2 S 3 ( s ) –724.0 –492.4 116.9
Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ( s ) –3445.06 –3506.61 239.32
antimony
Sb( s ) 0 0 45.69
Sb( g ) 262.34 222.17 180.16
Sb 4 O 6 ( s ) –1440.55 –1268.17 220.92
SbCl 3 ( g ) –313.8 –301.2 337.80
SbCl 5 ( g ) –394.34 –334.29 401.94
Sb 2 S 3 (s) –174.89 –173.64 182.00
SbCl 3 (s) –382.17 –323.72 184.10
SbOCl(s) –374.0 — —
arsenic
As( s ) 0 0 35.1
As( g ) 302.5 261.0 174.21
As 4 ( g ) 143.9 92.4 314
As 4 O 6 ( s ) –1313.94 –1152.52 214.22
As 2 O 5 ( s ) –924.87 –782.41 105.44
AsCl 3 ( g ) –261.50 –248.95 327.06
As 2 S 3 ( s ) –169.03 –168.62 163.59
AsH 3 ( g ) 66.44 68.93 222.78
H 3 AsO 4 ( s ) –906.3 — —
barium
Ba( s ) 0 0 62.5
Ba( g ) 180 146 170.24
Ba 2+ ( aq ) –537.6 –560.8 9.6
BaO( s ) –548.0 –520.3 72.1
BaCl 2 ( s ) –855.0 –806.7 123.7
BaSO 4 ( s ) –1473.2 –1362.3 132.2
beryllium
Be( s ) 0 0 9.50
Be( g ) 324.3 286.6 136.27
BeO( s ) –609.4 –580.1 13.8
bismuth
Bi( s ) 0 0 56.74
Bi( g ) 207.1 168.2 187.00
Bi 2 O 3 ( s ) –573.88 –493.7 151.5
BiCl 3 ( s ) –379.07 –315.06 176.98
Bi 2 S 3 ( s ) –143.1 –140.6 200.4
boron
B( s ) 0 0 5.86
B( g ) 565.0 521.0 153.4
B 2 O 3 ( s ) –1273.5 –1194.3 53.97
B 2 H 6 ( g ) 36.4 87.6 232.1
H 3 BO 3 ( s ) –1094.33 –968.92 88.83
BF 3 ( g ) –1136.0 –1119.4 254.4
BCl 3 ( g ) –403.8 –388.7 290.1
B 3 N 3 H 6 ( l ) –540.99 –392.79 199.58
HBO 2 ( s ) –794.25 –723.41 37.66
bromine
Br 2 ( l ) 0 0 152.23
Br 2 ( g ) 30.91 3.142 245.5
Br( g ) 111.88 82.429 175.0
Br – ( aq ) –120.9 –102.82 80.71
BrF 3 ( g ) –255.60 –229.45 292.42
HBr( g ) –36.3 –53.43 198.7
cadmium
Cd( s ) 0 0 51.76
Cd( g ) 112.01 77.41 167.75
Cd 2+ ( aq ) –75.90 –77.61 –73.2
CdO( s ) –258.2 –228.4 54.8
CdCl 2 ( s ) –391.5 –343.9 115.3
CdSO 4 ( s ) –933.3 –822.7 123.0
CdS( s ) –161.9 –156.5 64.9
calcium
Ca( s ) 0 0 41.6
Ca( g ) 178.2 144.3 154.88
Ca 2+ ( aq ) –542.96 –553.04 –55.2
CaO( s ) –634.9 –603.3 38.1
Ca(OH) 2 ( s ) –985.2 –897.5 83.4
CaSO 4 (s) –1434.5 –1322.0 106.5
CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O( s ) –2022.63 –1797.45 194.14
CaCO 3 ( s ) (calcite) –1220.0 –1081.4 110.0
CaSO 3 ·H 2 O( s ) –1752.68 –1555.19 184.10
carbon
C( s ) (graphite) 0 0 5.740
C( s ) (diamond) 1.89 2.90 2.38
C( g ) 716.681 671.2 158.1
CO( g ) –110.52 –137.15 197.7
CO 2 ( g ) –393.51 –394.36 213.8
CO 3 2– ( aq ) –677.1 –527.8 –56.9
CH 4 ( g ) –74.6 –50.5 186.3
CH 3 OH( l ) –239.2 –166.6 126.8
CH 3 OH( g ) –201.0 –162.3 239.9
CCl 4 ( l ) –128.2 –62.5 214.4
CCl 4 ( g ) –95.7 –58.2 309.7
CHCl 3 ( l ) –134.1 –73.7 201.7
CHCl 3 ( g ) –103.14 –70.34 295.71
CS 2 ( l ) 89.70 65.27 151.34
CS 2 ( g ) 116.9 66.8 238.0
C 2 H 2 ( g ) 227.4 209.2 200.9
C 2 H 4 ( g ) 52.4 68.4 219.3
C 2 H 6 ( g ) –84.0 –32.0 229.2
CH 3 CO 2 H( l ) –484.3 –389.9 159.8
CH 3 CO 2 H( g ) –434.84 –376.69 282.50
C 2 H 5 OH( l ) –277.6 –174.8 160.7
C 2 H 5 OH( g ) –234.8 –167.9 281.6
HCO 3 – ( aq ) –691.11 –587.06 95
C 3 H 8 ( g ) –103.8 –23.4 270.3
C 6 H 6 ( g ) 82.927 129.66 269.2
C 6 H 6 ( l ) 49.1 124.50 173.4
CH 2 Cl 2 ( l ) –124.2 –63.2 177.8
CH 2 Cl 2 ( g ) –95.4 –65.90 270.2
CH 3 Cl( g ) –81.9 –60.2 234.6
C 2 H 5 Cl( l ) –136.52 –59.31 190.79
C 2 H 5 Cl( g ) –112.17 –60.39 276.00
C 2 N 2 ( g ) 308.98 297.36 241.90
HCN( l ) 108.9 125.0 112.8
HCN( g ) 135.5 124.7 201.8
cesium
Cs + ( aq ) –248 –282.0 133
chlorine
Cl 2 ( g ) 0 0 223.1
Cl( g ) 121.3 105.70 165.2
Cl – ( aq ) –167.2 –131.2 56.5
ClF( g ) –54.48 –55.94 217.78
ClF 3 ( g ) –158.99 –118.83 281.50
Cl 2 O( g ) 80.3 97.9 266.2
Cl 2 O 7 ( l ) 238.1 — —
Cl 2 O 7 ( g ) 272.0 — —
HCl( g ) –92.307 –95.299 186.9
HClO 4 ( l ) –40.58 — —
chromium
Cr( s ) 0 0 23.77
Cr( g ) 396.6 351.8 174.50
CrO 4 2– ( aq ) –881.2 –727.8 50.21
Cr 2 O 7 2– ( aq ) –1490.3 –1301.1 261.9
Cr 2 O 3 ( s ) –1139.7 –1058.1 81.2
CrO 3 ( s ) –589.5 — —
(NH 4 ) 2 Cr 2 O 7 ( s ) –1806.7 — —
cobalt
Co( s ) 0 0 30.0
Co 2+ ( aq ) –67.4 –51.5 –155
Co 3+ ( aq ) 92 134 –305.0
CoO( s ) –237.9 –214.2 52.97
Co 3 O 4 ( s ) –910.02 –794.98 114.22
Co(NO 3 ) 2 ( s ) –420.5 — —
copper
Cu( s ) 0 0 33.15
Cu( g ) 338.32 298.58 166.38
Cu + ( aq ) 51.9 50.2 –26
Cu 2+ ( aq ) 64.77 65.49 –99.6
CuO( s ) –157.3 –129.7 42.63
Cu 2 O( s ) –168.6 –146.0 93.14
CuS( s ) –53.1 –53.6 66.5
Cu 2 S( s ) –79.5 –86.2 120.9
CuSO 4 ( s ) –771.36 –662.2 109.2
Cu(NO 3 ) 2 ( s ) –302.9 — —
fluorine
F 2 ( g ) 0 0 202.8
F( g ) 79.4 62.3 158.8
F – ( aq ) –332.6 –278.8 –13.8
F 2 O( g ) 24.7 41.9 247.43
HF( g ) –273.3 –275.4 173.8
hydrogen
H 2 ( g ) 0 0 130.7
H( g ) 217.97 203.26 114.7
H + ( aq ) 0 0 0
OH – ( aq ) –230.0 –157.2 –10.75
H 3 O + ( aq ) –285.8 69.91
H 2 O( l ) –285.83 –237.1 70.0
H 2 O( g ) –241.82 –228.59 188.8
H 2 O 2 ( l ) –187.78 –120.35 109.6
H 2 O 2 ( g ) –136.3 –105.6 232.7
HF( g ) –273.3 –275.4 173.8
HCl( g ) –92.307 –95.299 186.9
HBr( g ) –36.3 –53.43 198.7
HI( g ) 26.48 1.70 206.59
H 2 S( g ) –20.6 –33.4 205.8
H 2 Se( g) 29.7 15.9 219.0
iodine
I 2 ( s ) 0 0 116.14
I 2 ( g ) 62.438 19.3 260.7
I( g ) 106.84 70.2 180.8
I – ( aq ) –55.19 –51.57 11.13
IF( g ) 95.65 –118.49 236.06
ICl( g ) 17.78 –5.44 247.44
IBr( g ) 40.84 3.72 258.66
IF 7 ( g ) –943.91 –818.39 346.44
HI( g ) 26.48 1.70 206.59
iron
Fe( s ) 0 0 27.3
Fe( g ) 416.3 370.7 180.5
Fe 2+ ( aq ) –89.1 –78.90 –137.7
Fe 3+ ( aq ) –48.5 –4.7 –315.9
Fe 2 O 3 ( s ) –824.2 –742.2 87.40
Fe 3 O 4 ( s ) –1118.4 –1015.4 146.4
Fe(CO) 5 ( l ) –774.04 –705.42 338.07
Fe(CO) 5 ( g ) –733.87 –697.26 445.18
FeCl 2 ( s ) –341.79 –302.30 117.95
FeCl 3 ( s ) –399.49 –334.00 142.3
FeO( s ) –272.0 –255.2 60.75
Fe(OH) 2 ( s ) –569.0 –486.5 88.
Fe(OH) 3 ( s) –823.0 –696.5 106.7
FeS( s ) –100.0 –100.4 60.29
Fe 3 C( s ) 25.10 20.08 104.60
lead
Pb( s ) 0 0 64.81
Pb( g ) 195.2 162. 175.4
Pb 2+ ( aq ) –1.7 –24.43 10.5
PbO( s ) (yellow) –217.32 –187.89 68.70
PbO( s ) (red) –218.99 –188.93 66.5
Pb(OH) 2 ( s ) –515.9 — —
PbS( s ) –100.4 –98.7 91.2
Pb(NO 3 ) 2 ( s ) –451.9 — —
PbO 2 ( s ) –277.4 –217.3 68.6
PbCl 2 ( s ) –359.4 –314.1 136.0
lithium
Li( s ) 0 0 29.1
Li( g ) 159.3 126.6 138.8
Li + ( aq ) –278.5 –293.3 13.4
LiH( s ) –90.5 –68.3 20.0
Li(OH)( s ) –487.5 –441.5 42.8
LiF( s ) –616.0 –587.5 35.7
Li 2 CO 3 ( s ) –1216.04 –1132.19 90.17
magnesium
Mg 2+ ( aq ) –466.9 –454.8 –138.1
manganese
Mn( s ) 0 0 32.0
Mn( g ) 280.7 238.5 173.7
Mn 2+ ( aq ) –220.8 –228.1 –73.6
MnO( s ) –385.2 –362.9 59.71
MnO 2 ( s ) –520.03 –465.1 53.05
Mn 2 O 3 ( s ) –958.97 –881.15 110.46
Mn 3 O 4 ( s ) –1378.83 –1283.23 155.64
MnO 4 – ( aq ) –541.4 –447.2 191.2
MnO 4 2– ( aq ) –653.0 –500.7 59
mercury
Hg( l ) 0 0 75.9
Hg( g ) 61.4 31.8 175.0
Hg 2+ ( aq ) 164.8
Hg 2+ ( aq ) 172.4 153.9 84.5
HgO( s ) (red) –90.83 –58.5 70.29
HgO( s ) (yellow) –90.46 –58.43 71.13
HgCl 2 ( s ) –224.3 –178.6 146.0
Hg 2 Cl 2 ( s ) –265.4 –210.7 191.6
HgS( s ) (red) –58.16 –50.6 82.4
HgS( s ) (black) –53.56 –47.70 88.28
HgSO 4 ( s) –707.51 –594.13 0.00
nickel
Ni 2+ ( aq ) –64.0 –46.4 –159
nitrogen
N 2 ( g ) 0 0 191.6
N( g ) 472.704 455.5 153.3
NO( g ) 90.25 87.6 210.8
NO 2 ( g ) 33.2 51.30 240.1
N 2 O( g ) 81.6 103.7 220.0
N 2 O 3 ( g ) 83.72 139.41 312.17
NO 3 – ( aq ) –205.0 –108.7 146.4
N 2 O 4 ( g ) 11.1 99.8 304.4
N 2 O 5 ( g ) 11.3 115.1 355.7
NH 3 ( g ) –45.9 –16.5 192.8
NH 4 + ( aq ) –132.5 –79.31 113.4
N 2 H 4 ( l ) 50.63 149.43 121.21
N 2 H 4 ( g ) 95.4 159.4 238.5
NH 4 NO 3 ( s ) –365.56 –183.87 151.08
NH 4 Cl( s ) –314.43 –202.87 94.6
NH 4 Br( s) –270.8 –175.2 113.0
NH 4 I( s ) –201.4 –112.5 117.0
NH 4 NO 2 ( s ) –256.5 — —
HNO 3 ( l ) –174.1 –80.7 155.6
HNO 3 ( g ) –133.9 –73.5 266.9
oxygen
O 2 ( g ) 0 0 205.2
O( g ) 249.17 231.7 161.1
O 3 ( g ) 142.7 163.2 238.9
phosphorus
P 4 ( s ) 0 0 164.4
P 4 ( g ) 58.91 24.4 280.0
P( g ) 314.64 278.25 163.19
PH 3 ( g ) 5.4 13.5 210.2
PCl 3 ( g ) –287.0 –267.8 311.78
PCl 5 ( g ) –374.9 –305.0 364.4
P 4 O 6 ( s ) –1640.1 — —
P 4 O 10 ( s ) –2984.0 –2697.0 228.86
PO 4 3– ( aq ) –1277 –1019 –222
HPO 3 ( s ) –948.5 — —
HPO 4 2– ( aq ) –1292.1 –1089.3 –33
H 2 PO 4 2– ( aq ) –1296.3 –1130.4 90.4
H 3 PO 2 ( s ) –604.6 — —
H 3 PO 3 ( s ) –964.4 — —
H 3 PO 4 ( s ) –1279.0 –1119.1 110.50
H 3 PO 4 (l ) –1266.9 –1124.3 110.5
H 4 P 2 O 7 ( s ) –2241.0 — —
POCl 3 ( l ) –597.1 –520.8 222.5
POCl 3 ( g ) –558.5 –512.9 325.5
potassium
K( s ) 0 0 64.7
K( g ) 89.0 60.5 160.3
K + ( aq ) –252.4 –283.3 102.5
KF( s ) –576.27 –537.75 66.57
KCl( s ) –436.5 –408.5 82.6
rubidium
Rb + ( aq ) –246 –282.2 124
silicon
Si( s ) 0 0 18.8
Si( g) 450.0 405.5 168.0
SiO 2 ( s ) –910.7 –856.3 41.5
SiH 4 ( g ) 34.3 56.9 204.6
H 2 SiO 3 ( s ) –1188.67 –1092.44 133.89
H 4 SiO 4 ( s ) –1481.14 –1333.02 192.46
SiF 4 ( g ) –1615.0 –1572.8 282.8
SiCl 4 ( l ) –687.0 –619.8 239.7
SiCl 4 ( g ) –662.75 –622.58 330.62
SiC( s, beta cubic ) –73.22 –70.71 16.61
SiC( s, alpha hexagonal ) –71.55 –69.04 16.48
silver
Ag( s ) 0 0 42.55
Ag( g ) 284.9 246.0 172.89
Ag + ( aq ) 105.6 77.11 72.68
Ag 2 O( s ) –31.05 –11.20 121.3
AgCl( s ) –127.0 –109.8 96.3
Ag 2 S( s ) –32.6 –40.7 144.0
sodium
Na( s ) 0 0 51.3
Na( g ) 107.5 77.0 153.7
Na + ( aq ) –240.1 –261.9 59
Na 2 O( s ) –414.2 –375.5 75.1
NaCl( s ) –411.2 –384.1 72.1
strontium
Sr 2+ ( aq ) –545.8 –557.3 –32.6
sulfur
S 8 ( s ) (rhombic) 0 0 256.8
S( g ) 278.81 238.25 167.82
S 2– ( aq ) 41.8 83.7 22
SO 2 ( g ) –296.83 –300.1 248.2
SO 3 ( g ) –395.72 –371.06 256.76
SO 4 2– ( aq ) –909.3 –744.5 20.1
S 2 O 3 2– ( aq ) –648.5 –522.5 67
H 2 S( g ) –20.6 –33.4 205.8
HS – ( aq ) –17.7 12.6 61.1
H 2 SO 4 ( l ) –813.989 690.00 156.90
HSO 4 2– ( aq ) –885.75 –752.87 126.9
H 2 S 2 O 7 ( s ) –1273.6 — —
SF 4 ( g ) –728.43 –684.84 291.12
SF 6 ( g ) –1220.5 –1116.5 291.5
SCl 2 ( l ) –50 — —
SCl 2 ( g) –19.7 — —
S 2 Cl 2 ( l ) –59.4 — —
S 2 Cl 2 ( g ) –19.50 –29.25 319.45
SOCl 2 ( g ) –212.55 –198.32 309.66
SOCl 2 ( l ) –245.6 — —
SO 2 Cl 2 ( l ) –394.1 — —
SO 2 Cl 2 (g) –354.80 –310.45 311.83
tin
Sn( s ) 0 0 51.2
Sn( g ) 301.2 266.2 168.5
SnO( s ) –285.8 –256.9 56.5
SnO 2 ( s ) –577.6 –515.8 49.0
SnCl 4 ( l ) –511.3 –440.1 258.6
SnCl 4 ( g ) –471.5 –432.2 365.8
titanium
Ti( s ) 0 0 30.7
Ti( g ) 473.0 428.4 180.3
TiO 2 ( s ) –944.0 –888.8 50.6
TiCl 4 ( l ) –804.2 –737.2 252.4
TiCl 4 ( g ) –763.2 –726.3 353.2
tungsten
W( s ) 0 0 32.6
W( g ) 849.4 807.1 174.0
WO 3 ( s ) –842.9 –764.0 75.9
zinc
Zn( s ) 0 0 41.6
Zn( g ) 130.73 95.14 160.98
Zn 2+ ( aq ) –153.9 –147.1 –112.1
ZnO( s ) –350.5 –320.5 43.7
ZnCl 2 ( s ) –415.1 –369.43 111.5
ZnS( s ) –206.0 –201.3 57.7
ZnSO 4 ( s ) –982.8 –871.5 110.5
ZnCO 3 ( s ) –812.78 –731.57 82.42
complexes
[Co(NH 3 ) 4 (NO 2 ) 2 ]NO 3 , cis –898.7 — —
[Co(NH 3 ) 4 (NO 2 ) 2 ]NO 3 , trans –896.2 — —
NH 4 [Co(NH 3 ) 2 (NO 2 ) 4 ] –837.6 — —
[Co(NH 3 ) 6 ][Co(NH 3 ) 2 (NO 2 ) 4 ] 3 –2733.0 — —
[Co(NH 3 ) 4 Cl 2 ]Cl, cis –874.9 — —
[Co(NH 3 ) 4 Cl 2 ]Cl, trans –877.4 — —
[Co(en) 2 (NO 2 ) 2 ]NO 3 , cis –689.5 — —
[Co(en) 2 Cl 2 ]Cl, cis –681.2 — —
[Co(en) 2 Cl 2 ]Cl, trans –677.4 — —
[Co(en) 3 ](ClO 4 ) 3 –762.7 — —
[Co(en) 3 ]Br 2 –595.8 — —
[Co(en) 3 ]I 2 –475.3 — —
[Co(en) 3 ]I 3 –519.2 — —
[Co(NH 3 ) 6 ](ClO 4 ) 3 –1034.7 –221.1 615
[Co(NH 3 ) 5 NO 2 ](NO 3 ) 2 –1088.7 –412.9 331
[Co(NH 3 ) 6 ](NO 3 ) 3 –1282.0 –524.5 448
[Co(NH 3 ) 5 Cl]Cl 2 –1017.1 –582.5 366.1
[Pt(NH 3 ) 4 ]Cl 2 –725.5 — —
[Ni(NH 3 ) 6 ]Cl 2 –994.1 — —
[Ni(NH 3 ) 6 ]Br 2 –923.8 — —
[Ni(NH 3 ) 6 ]I 2 –808.3 — —

Questions & Answers

what's Thermochemistry
rhoda Reply
the study of the heat energy which is associated with chemical reactions
Kaddija
How was CH4 and o2 was able to produce (Co2)and (H2o
Edafe Reply
explain please
Victory
First twenty elements with their valences
Martine Reply
what is chemistry
asue Reply
what is atom
asue
what is the best way to define periodic table for jamb
Damilola Reply
what is the change of matter from one state to another
Elijah Reply
what is isolation of organic compounds
IKyernum Reply
what is atomic radius
ThankGod Reply
Read Chapter 6, section 5
Dr
Read Chapter 6, section 5
Kareem
Atomic radius is the radius of the atom and is also called the orbital radius
Kareem
atomic radius is the distance between the nucleus of an atom and its valence shell
Amos
Read Chapter 6, section 5
paulino
Bohr's model of the theory atom
Ayom Reply
is there a question?
Dr
when a gas is compressed why it becomes hot?
ATOMIC
It has no oxygen then
Goldyei
read the chapter on thermochemistry...the sections on "PV" work and the First Law of Thermodynamics should help..
Dr
Which element react with water
Mukthar Reply
Mgo
Ibeh
an increase in the pressure of a gas results in the decrease of its
Valentina Reply
definition of the periodic table
Cosmos Reply
What is the lkenes
Da Reply
what were atoms composed of?
Moses Reply
what is chemistry
Imoh Reply
what is chemistry
Damilola
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Source:  OpenStax, Chemistry. OpenStax CNX. May 20, 2015 Download for free at http://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11760/1.9
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