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| 31. | orthopedist | doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating musculoskeletal disorders and injuries |
| 32. | osseous tissue | bone tissue; a hard, dense connective tissue that forms the structural elements of the skeleton |
| 33. | ossification center | cluster of osteoblasts found in the early stages of intramembranous ossification |
| 34. | ossification | (also, osteogenesis) bone formation |
| 35. | osteoblast | cell responsible for forming new bone |
| 36. | osteoclast | cell responsible for resorbing bone |
| 37. | osteocyte | primary cell in mature bone; responsible for maintaining the matrix |
| 38. | osteogenic cell | undifferentiated cell with high mitotic activity; the only bone cells that divide; they differentiate and develop into osteoblasts |
| 39. | osteoid | uncalcified bone matrix secreted by osteoblasts |
| 40. | osteon | (also, Haversian system) basic structural unit of compact bone; made of concentric layers of calcified matrix |
| 41. | osteoporosis | disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass; occurs when the rate of bone resorption exceeds the rate of bone formation, a common occurrence as the body ages |
| 42. | perforating canal | (also, Volkmann's canal) channel that branches off from the central canal and houses vessels and nerves that extend to the periosteum and endosteum |
| 43. | perichondrium | membrane that covers cartilage |
| 44. | periosteum | fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of bone and continuous with ligaments |
| 45. | primary ossification center | region, deep in the periosteal collar, where bone development starts during endochondral ossification |
| 46. | projection | bone markings where part of the surface sticks out above the rest of the surface, where tendons and ligaments attach |
| 47. | proliferative zone | region of the epiphyseal plate that makes new chondrocytes to replace those that die at the diaphyseal end of the plate and contributes to longitudinal growth of the epiphyseal plate |
| 48. | red marrow | connective tissue in the interior cavity of a bone where hematopoiesis takes place |
| 49. | remodeling | process by which osteoclasts resorb old or damaged bone at the same time as and on the same surface where osteoblasts form new bone to replace that which is resorbed |
| 50. | reserve zone | region of the epiphyseal plate that anchors the plate to the osseous tissue of the epiphysis |
| 51. | secondary ossification center | region of bone development in the epiphyses |
| 52. | sesamoid bone | small, round bone embedded in a tendon; protects the tendon from compressive forces |
| 53. | short bone | cube-shaped bone that is approximately equal in length, width, and thickness; provides limited motion |
| 54. | skeletal system | organ system composed of bones and cartilage that provides for movement, support, and protection |
| 55. | spongy bone | (also, cancellous bone) trabeculated osseous tissue that supports shifts in weight distribution |
| 56. | trabeculae | (singular: trabecula) spikes or sections of the lattice-like matrix in spongy bone |
| 57. | yellow marrow | connective tissue in the interior cavity of a bone where fat is stored |
| 58. | zone of calcified matrix | region of the epiphyseal plate closest to the diaphyseal end; functions to connect the epiphyseal plate to the diaphysis |
| 59. | zone of maturation and hypertrophy | region of the epiphyseal plate where chondrocytes from the proliferative zone grow and mature and contribute to the longitudinal growth of the epiphyseal plate |
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