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For the following exercises, convert the polar equation of a conic section to a rectangular equation.

r = 4 1 + 3   sin   θ

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r = 2 5 3   sin   θ

25 x 2 + 16 y 2 12 y 4 = 0

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r = 8 3 2   cos   θ

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r = 3 2 + 5   cos   θ

21 x 2 4 y 2 30 x + 9 = 0

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r = 4 2 + 2   sin   θ

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r = 3 8 8   cos   θ

64 y 2 = 48 x + 9

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r = 2 6 + 7   cos   θ

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r = 5 5 11   sin   θ

96 y 2 25 x 2 + 110 y + 25 = 0

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r ( 5 + 2   cos   θ ) = 6

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r ( 2 cos   θ ) = 1

3 x 2 + 4 y 2 2 x 1 = 0

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r ( 2.5 2.5   sin   θ ) = 5

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r = 6 sec   θ 2 + 3   sec   θ

5 x 2 + 9 y 2 24 x 36 = 0

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r = 6 csc   θ 3 + 2   csc   θ

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For the following exercises, graph the given conic section. If it is a parabola, label the vertex, focus, and directrix. If it is an ellipse, label the vertices and foci. If it is a hyperbola, label the vertices and foci.

r = 2 3 + 3   sin   θ

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r = 10 5 4   sin   θ

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r = 3 1 + 2   cos   θ

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r = 8 4 5   cos   θ

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r = 3 4 4   cos   θ

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r = 6 3 + 2   sin   θ

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r ( 3 4 sin   θ ) = 9

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r ( 3 2 sin   θ ) = 6

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r ( 6 4 cos   θ ) = 5

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For the following exercises, find the polar equation of the conic with focus at the origin and the given eccentricity and directrix.

Directrix: x = 4 ; e = 1 5

r = 4 5 + cos θ

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Directrix: x = 4 ; e = 5

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Directrix: y = 2 ; e = 2

r = 4 1 + 2 sin θ

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Directrix: y = 2 ; e = 1 2

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Directrix: x = 1 ; e = 1

r = 1 1 + cos θ

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Directrix: x = 1 ; e = 1

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Directrix: x = 1 4 ; e = 7 2

r = 7 8 28 cos θ

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Directrix: y = 2 5 ; e = 7 2

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Directrix: y = 4 ; e = 3 2

r = 12 2 + 3 sin θ

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Directrix: x = −2 ; e = 8 3

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Directrix: x = −5 ; e = 3 4

r = 15 4 3 cos θ

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Directrix: y = 2 ; e = 2.5

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Directrix: x = −3 ; e = 1 3

r = 3 3 3 cos θ

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Extensions

Recall from Rotation of Axes that equations of conics with an x y term have rotated graphs. For the following exercises, express each equation in polar form with r as a function of θ .

x 2 + x y + y 2 = 4

r = ± 2 1 + sin θ cos θ

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2 x 2 + 4 x y + 2 y 2 = 9

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16 x 2 + 24 x y + 9 y 2 = 4

r = ± 2 4 cos θ + 3 sin θ

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Chapter review exercises

The Ellipse

For the following exercises, write the equation of the ellipse in standard form. Then identify the center, vertices, and foci.

x 2 25 + y 2 64 = 1

x 2 5 2 + y 2 8 2 = 1 ; center: ( 0 , 0 ) ; vertices: ( 5 , 0 ) , ( −5 , 0 ) , ( 0 , 8 ) , ( 0 , 8 ) ; foci: ( 0 , 39 ) , ( 0 , 39 )

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( x 2 ) 2 100 + ( y + 3 ) 2 36 = 1

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9 x 2 + y 2 + 54 x 4 y + 76 = 0

( x + 3 ) 2 1 2 + ( y 2 ) 2 3 2 = 1 ( 3 , 2 ) ; ( 2 , 2 ) , ( 4 , 2 ) , ( 3 , 5 ) , ( 3 , 1 ) ; ( 3 , 2 + 2 2 ) , ( 3 , 2 2 2 )

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9 x 2 + 36 y 2 36 x + 72 y + 36 = 0

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For the following exercises, graph the ellipse, noting center, vertices, and foci.

x 2 36 + y 2 9 = 1

center: ( 0 , 0 ) ; vertices: ( 6 , 0 ) , ( −6 , 0 ) , ( 0 , 3 ) , ( 0 , −3 ) ; foci: ( 3 3 , 0 ) , ( 3 3 , 0 )

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( x 4 ) 2 25 + ( y + 3 ) 2 49 = 1

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4 x 2 + y 2 + 16 x + 4 y 44 = 0

center: ( −2 , −2 ) ; vertices: ( 2 , −2 ) , ( −6 , −2 ) , ( −2 , 6 ) , ( −2 , −10 ) ; foci: ( −2 , −2 + 4 3 , ) , ( −2 , −2 −4 3 )

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2 x 2 + 3 y 2 20 x + 12 y + 38 = 0

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For the following exercises, use the given information to find the equation for the ellipse.

Center at ( 0 , 0 ) , focus at ( 3 , 0 ) , vertex at ( −5 , 0 )

x 2 25 + y 2 16 = 1

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Center at ( 2 , −2 ) , vertex at ( 7 , −2 ) , focus at ( 4 , −2 )

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A whispering gallery is to be constructed such that the foci are located 35 feet from the center. If the length of the gallery is to be 100 feet, what should the height of the ceiling be?

Approximately 35.71 feet

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The Hyperbola

For the following exercises, write the equation of the hyperbola in standard form. Then give the center, vertices, and foci.

( y + 1 ) 2 16 ( x 4 ) 2 36 = 1

( y + 1 ) 2 4 2 ( x 4 ) 2 6 2 = 1 ; center: ( 4 , −1 ) ; vertices: ( 4 , 3 ) , ( 4 , −5 ) ; foci: ( 4 , −1 + 2 13 ) , ( 4 , −1 2 13 )

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9 y 2 4 x 2 + 54 y 16 x + 29 = 0

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3 x 2 y 2 12 x 6 y 9 = 0

( x 2 ) 2 2 2 ( y + 3 ) 2 ( 2 3 ) 2 = 1 ; center: ( 2 , −3 ) ; vertices: ( 4 , −3 ) , ( 0 , −3 ) ; foci: ( 6 , −3 ) , ( −2 , −3 )

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For the following exercises, graph the hyperbola, labeling vertices and foci.

Questions & Answers

how does Neisseria cause meningitis
Nyibol Reply
what is microbiologist
Muhammad Reply
what is errata
Muhammad
is the branch of biology that deals with the study of microorganisms.
Ntefuni Reply
What is microbiology
Mercy Reply
studies of microbes
Louisiaste
when we takee the specimen which lumbar,spin,
Ziyad Reply
How bacteria create energy to survive?
Muhamad Reply
Bacteria doesn't produce energy they are dependent upon their substrate in case of lack of nutrients they are able to make spores which helps them to sustain in harsh environments
_Adnan
But not all bacteria make spores, l mean Eukaryotic cells have Mitochondria which acts as powerhouse for them, since bacteria don't have it, what is the substitution for it?
Muhamad
they make spores
Louisiaste
what is sporadic nd endemic, epidemic
Aminu Reply
the significance of food webs for disease transmission
Abreham
food webs brings about an infection as an individual depends on number of diseased foods or carriers dully.
Mark
explain assimilatory nitrate reduction
Esinniobiwa Reply
Assimilatory nitrate reduction is a process that occurs in some microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, in which nitrate (NO3-) is reduced to nitrite (NO2-), and then further reduced to ammonia (NH3).
Elkana
This process is called assimilatory nitrate reduction because the nitrogen that is produced is incorporated in the cells of microorganisms where it can be used in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen products
Elkana
Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu Reply
Give Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu
advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal Reply
Prevent foreign microbes to the host
Abubakar
they provide healthier benefits to their hosts
ayesha
They are friends to host only when Host immune system is strong and become enemies when the host immune system is weakened . very bad relationship!
Mark
what is cell
faisal Reply
cell is the smallest unit of life
Fauziya
cell is the smallest unit of life
Akanni
ok
Innocent
cell is the structural and functional unit of life
Hasan
is the fundamental units of Life
Musa
what are emergency diseases
Micheal Reply
There are nothing like emergency disease but there are some common medical emergency which can occur simultaneously like Bleeding,heart attack,Breathing difficulties,severe pain heart stock.Hope you will get my point .Have a nice day ❣️
_Adnan
define infection ,prevention and control
Innocent
I think infection prevention and control is the avoidance of all things we do that gives out break of infections and promotion of health practices that promote life
Lubega
Heyy Lubega hussein where are u from?
_Adnan
en français
Adama
which site have a normal flora
ESTHER Reply
Many sites of the body have it Skin Nasal cavity Oral cavity Gastro intestinal tract
Safaa
skin
Asiina
skin,Oral,Nasal,GIt
Sadik
How can Commensal can Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
How can Commensal Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
all
Tesfaye
by fussion
Asiina
what are the advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal
what are the ways of control and prevention of nosocomial infection in the hospital
Micheal
what is inflammation
Shelly Reply
part of a tissue or an organ being wounded or bruised.
Wilfred
what term is used to name and classify microorganisms?
Micheal Reply
Binomial nomenclature
adeolu
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Source:  OpenStax, College algebra. OpenStax CNX. Feb 06, 2015 Download for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11759/1.3
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