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f ( x ) = x 2 x + 1

Local behavior: x 1 2 + , f ( x ) , x 1 2 , f ( x )

End behavior: x ± , f ( x ) 1 2

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f ( x ) = 2 x x 6

Local behavior: x 6 + , f ( x ) , x 6 , f ( x ) , End behavior: x ± , f ( x ) 2

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f ( x ) = x 2 4 x + 3 x 2 4 x 5

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f ( x ) = 2 x 2 32 6 x 2 + 13 x 5

Local behavior: x 1 3 + , f ( x ) , x 1 3 , f ( x ) , x 5 2 , f ( x ) , x 5 2 + , f ( x )

End behavior: x ± , f ( x ) 1 3

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For the following exercises, find the slant asymptote of the functions.

f ( x ) = 24 x 2 + 6 x 2 x + 1

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f ( x ) = 4 x 2 10 2 x 4

y = 2 x + 4

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f ( x ) = 81 x 2 18 3 x 2

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f ( x ) = 6 x 3 5 x 3 x 2 + 4

y = 2 x

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f ( x ) = x 2 + 5 x + 4 x 1

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Graphical

For the following exercises, use the given transformation to graph the function. Note the vertical and horizontal asymptotes.

The reciprocal function shifted up two units.

V . A .   x = 0 , H . A .   y = 2

Graph of a rational function.
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The reciprocal function shifted down one unit and left three units.

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The reciprocal squared function shifted to the right 2 units.

V . A .   x = 2 ,   H . A .   y = 0

Graph of a rational function.
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The reciprocal squared function shifted down 2 units and right 1 unit.

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For the following exercises, find the horizontal intercepts, the vertical intercept, the vertical asymptotes, and the horizontal or slant asymptote of the functions. Use that information to sketch a graph.

p ( x ) = 2 x 3 x + 4

V . A .   x = 4 ,   H . A .   y = 2 ; ( 3 2 , 0 ) ; ( 0 , 3 4 )

Graph of p(x)=(2x-3)/(x+4) with its vertical asymptote at x=-4 and horizontal asymptote at y=2.
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q ( x ) = x 5 3 x 1

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s ( x ) = 4 ( x 2 ) 2

V . A .   x = 2 ,   H . A .   y = 0 ,   ( 0 , 1 )

Graph of s(x)=4/(x-2)^2 with its vertical asymptote at x=2 and horizontal asymptote at y=0.
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f ( x ) = 3 x 2 14 x 5 3 x 2 + 8 x 16

V . A .   x = 4 ,   x = 4 3 ,   H . A .   y = 1 ; ( 5 , 0 ) ; ( 1 3 , 0 ) ; ( 0 , 5 16 )

Graph of f(x)=(3x^2-14x-5)/(3x^2+8x-16) with its vertical asymptotes at x=-4 and x=4/3 and horizontal asymptote at y=1.
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g ( x ) = 2 x 2 + 7 x 15 3 x 2 14 + 15

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a ( x ) = x 2 + 2 x 3 x 2 1

V . A .   x = 1 ,   H . A .   y = 1 ; ( 3 , 0 ) ; ( 0 , 3 )

Graph of a(x)=(x^2+2x-3)/(x^2-1) with its vertical asymptote at x=-1 and horizontal asymptote at y=1.
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b ( x ) = x 2 x 6 x 2 4

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h ( x ) = 2 x 2 +   x 1 x 4

V . A .   x = 4 ,   S . A .   y = 2 x + 9 ; ( 1 , 0 ) ; ( 1 2 , 0 ) ; ( 0 , 1 4 )

Graph of h(x)=(2x^2+x-1)/(x-1) with its vertical asymptote at x=4 and slant asymptote at y=2x+9.
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k ( x ) = 2 x 2 3 x 20 x 5

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w ( x ) = ( x 1 ) ( x + 3 ) ( x 5 ) ( x + 2 ) 2 ( x 4 )

V . A .   x = 2 ,   x = 4 ,   H . A .   y = 1 , ( 1 , 0 ) ; ( 5 , 0 ) ; ( 3 , 0 ) ; ( 0 , 15 16 )

Graph of w(x)=(x-1)(x+3)(x-5)/(x+2)^2(x-4) with its vertical asymptotes at x=-2 and x=4 and horizontal asymptote at y=1.
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z ( x ) = ( x + 2 ) 2 ( x 5 ) ( x 3 ) ( x + 1 ) ( x + 4 )

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For the following exercises, write an equation for a rational function with the given characteristics.

Vertical asymptotes at x = 5 and x = −5 , x -intercepts at ( 2 , 0 ) and ( −1 , 0 ) , y -intercept at ( 0 , 4 )

y = 50 x 2 x 2 x 2 25

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Vertical asymptotes at x = −4 and x = −1 , x- intercepts at ( 1 , 0 ) and ( 5 , 0 ) , y- intercept at ( 0 , 7 )

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Vertical asymptotes at x = −4 and x = −5 , x -intercepts at ( 4 , 0 ) and ( −6 , 0 ) , Horizontal asymptote at y = 7

y = 7 x 2 + 2 x 24 x 2 + 9 x + 20

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Vertical asymptotes at x = −3 and x = 6 , x -intercepts at ( −2 , 0 ) and ( 1 , 0 ) , Horizontal asymptote at y = −2

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Vertical asymptote at x = −1 , Double zero at x = 2 , y -intercept at ( 0 , 2 )

y = 1 2 x 2 4 x + 4 x + 1

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Vertical asymptote at x = 3 , Double zero at x = 1 , y -intercept at ( 0 , 4 )

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For the following exercises, use the graphs to write an equation for the function.

Graph of a rational function with vertical asymptotes at x=-3 and x=4.

y = 4 x 3 x 2 x 12

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Graph of a rational function with vertical asymptotes at x=-3 and x=3.

y = 9 x 2 x 2 9

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Graph of a rational function with vertical asymptote at x=1.

y = 1 3 x 2 + x 6 x 1

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Graph of a rational function with vertical asymptotes at x=-3 and x=2.

y = 6 ( x 1 ) 2 ( x + 3 ) ( x 2 ) 2

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Numeric

For the following exercises, make tables to show the behavior of the function near the vertical asymptote and reflecting the horizontal asymptote

f ( x ) = 1 x 2

x 2.01 2.001 2.0001 1.99 1.999
y 100 1,000 10,000 –100 –1,000
x 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000
y .125 .0102 .001 .0001 .00001

Vertical asymptote x = 2 , Horizontal asymptote y = 0

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f ( x ) = 2 x x + 4

x –4.1 –4.01 –4.001 –3.99 –3.999
y 82 802 8,002 –798 –7998
x 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000
y 1.4286 1.9331 1.992 1.9992 1.999992

Vertical asymptote x = 4 , Horizontal asymptote y = 2

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f ( x ) = 2 x ( x 3 ) 2

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f ( x ) = x 2 x 2 + 2 x + 1

x –.9 –.99 –.999 –1.1 –1.01
y 81 9,801 998,001 121 10,201
x 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000
y .82645 .9803 .998 .9998

Vertical asymptote x = 1 , Horizontal asymptote y = 1

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Technology

For the following exercises, use a calculator to graph f ( x ) . Use the graph to solve f ( x ) > 0.

f ( x ) = 4 2 x 3

( 3 2 , )

Graph of f(x)=4/(2x-3).
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f ( x ) = 2 ( x 1 ) ( x + 2 )

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f ( x ) = x + 2 ( x 1 ) ( x 4 )

( 2 , 1 ) ( 4 , )

Graph of f(x)=(x+2)/(x-1)(x-4).
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f ( x ) = ( x + 3 ) 2 ( x 1 ) 2 ( x + 1 )

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Extensions

For the following exercises, identify the removable discontinuity.

f ( x ) = x 2 4 x 2

( 2 , 4 )

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f ( x ) = x 2 + x 6 x 2

( 2 , 5 )

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f ( x ) = 2 x 2 + 5 x 3 x + 3

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f ( x ) = x 3 + x 2 x + 1

( 1 , 1 )

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Real-world applications

For the following exercises, express a rational function that describes the situation.

A large mixing tank currently contains 200 gallons of water, into which 10 pounds of sugar have been mixed. A tap will open, pouring 10 gallons of water per minute into the tank at the same time sugar is poured into the tank at a rate of 3 pounds per minute. Find the concentration (pounds per gallon) of sugar in the tank after t minutes.

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A large mixing tank currently contains 300 gallons of water, into which 8 pounds of sugar have been mixed. A tap will open, pouring 20 gallons of water per minute into the tank at the same time sugar is poured into the tank at a rate of 2 pounds per minute. Find the concentration (pounds per gallon) of sugar in the tank after t minutes.

C ( t ) = 8 + 2 t 300 + 20 t

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For the following exercises, use the given rational function to answer the question.

The concentration C of a drug in a patient’s bloodstream t hours after injection in given by C ( t ) = 2 t 3 + t 2 . What happens to the concentration of the drug as t increases?

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The concentration C of a drug in a patient’s bloodstream t hours after injection is given by C ( t ) = 100 t 2 t 2 + 75 . Use a calculator to approximate the time when the concentration is highest.

After about 6.12 hours.

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For the following exercises, construct a rational function that will help solve the problem. Then, use a calculator to answer the question.

An open box with a square base is to have a volume of 108 cubic inches. Find the dimensions of the box that will have minimum surface area. Let x = length of the side of the base.

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A rectangular box with a square base is to have a volume of 20 cubic feet. The material for the base costs 30 cents/ square foot. The material for the sides costs 10 cents/square foot. The material for the top costs 20 cents/square foot. Determine the dimensions that will yield minimum cost. Let x = length of the side of the base.

A ( x ) = 50 x 2 + 800 x . 2 by 2 by 5 feet.

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A right circular cylinder has volume of 100 cubic inches. Find the radius and height that will yield minimum surface area. Let x = radius.

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A right circular cylinder with no top has a volume of 50 cubic meters. Find the radius that will yield minimum surface area. Let x = radius.

A ( x ) = π x 2 + 100 x . Radius = 2.52 meters.

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A right circular cylinder is to have a volume of 40 cubic inches. It costs 4 cents/square inch to construct the top and bottom and 1 cent/square inch to construct the rest of the cylinder. Find the radius to yield minimum cost. Let x = radius.

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Questions & Answers

it is the relatively stable flow of income
Chidubem Reply
what is circular flow of income
Divine Reply
branches of macroeconomics
SHEDRACK Reply
what is Flexible exchang rate?
poudel Reply
is gdp a reliable measurement of wealth
Atega Reply
introduction to econometrics
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Tom
Why is unemployment rate never zero at full employment?
Priyanka Reply
bcoz of existence of frictional unemployment in our economy.
Umashankar
what is flexible exchang rate?
poudel
due to existence of the pple with disabilities
Abdulraufu
the demand of a good rises, causing the demand for another good to fall
Rushawn Reply
is it possible to leave every good at the same level
Joseph
I don't think so. because check it, if the demand for chicken increases, people will no longer consume fish like they used to causing a fall in the demand for fish
Anuolu
is not really possible to let the value of a goods to be same at the same time.....
Salome
Suppose the inflation rate is 6%, does it mean that all the goods you purchase will cost 6% more than previous year? Provide with reasoning.
Geetha Reply
Not necessarily. To measure the inflation rate economists normally use an averaged price index of a basket of certain goods. So if you purchase goods included in the basket, you will notice that you pay 6% more, otherwise not necessarily.
Waeth
discus major problems of macroeconomics
Alii Reply
what is the problem of macroeconomics
Yoal
Economic growth Stable prices and low unemployment
Ephraim
explain inflationcause and itis degre
Miresa Reply
what is inflation
Getu
increase in general price levels
WEETO
Good day How do I calculate this question: C= 100+5yd G= 2000 T= 2000 I(planned)=200. Suppose the actual output is 3000. What is the level of planned expenditures at this level of output?
Chisomo Reply
how to calculate actual output?
Chisomo
how to calculate the equilibrium income
Beshir
Criteria for determining money supply
Thapase Reply
who we can define macroeconomics in one line
Muhammad
Aggregate demand
Mohammed
C=k100 +9y and i=k50.calculate the equilibrium level of output
Mercy Reply
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money as unit of account means what?
Kalombe
A unit of account is something that can be used to value goods and services and make calculations
Jim
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Muhammad
I want to know how can we define macroeconomics in one line
Muhammad
it must be .9 or 0.9 no Mpc is greater than 1 Y=100+.9Y+50 Y-.9Y=150 0.1Y/0.1=150/0.1 Y=1500
Kalombe
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Kalombe
hi can someone help me on this question If a negative shocks shifts the IS curve to the left, what type of policy do you suggest so as to stabilize the level of output? discuss your answer using appropriate graph.
Galge Reply
if interest rate is increased this will will reduce the level of income shifting the curve to the left ◀️
Kalombe
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Source:  OpenStax, College algebra. OpenStax CNX. Feb 06, 2015 Download for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11759/1.3
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