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For the following exercises, divide the rational expressions.

3 y 2 7 y 6 2 y 2 3 y 9 ÷ y 2 + y 2 2 y 2 + y 3

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6 p 2 + p 12 8 p 2 + 18 p + 9 ÷ 6 p 2 11 p + 4 2 p 2 + 11 p 6

p + 6 4 p + 3

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q 2 9 q 2 + 6 q + 9 ÷ q 2 2 q 3 q 2 + 2 q 3

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18 d 2 + 77 d 18 27 d 2 15 d + 2 ÷ 3 d 2 + 29 d 44 9 d 2 15 d + 4

2 d + 9 d + 11

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16 x 2 + 18 x 55 32 x 2 36 x 11 ÷ 2 x 2 + 17 x + 30 4 x 2 + 25 x + 6

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144 b 2 25 72 b 2 6 b 10 ÷ 18 b 2 21 b + 5 36 b 2 18 b 10

12 b + 5 3 b −1

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16 a 2 24 a + 9 4 a 2 + 17 a 15 ÷ 16 a 2 9 4 a 2 + 11 a + 6

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22 y 2 + 59 y + 10 12 y 2 + 28 y 5 ÷ 11 y 2 + 46 y + 8 24 y 2 10 y + 1

4 y −1 y + 4

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9 x 2 + 3 x 20 3 x 2 7 x + 4 ÷ 6 x 2 + 4 x 10 x 2 2 x + 1

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For the following exercises, add and subtract the rational expressions, and then simplify.

4 x + 10 y

10 x + 4 y x y

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4 a + 1 + 5 a 3

9 a 7 a 2 2 a 3

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y + 3 y 2 + y 3 y + 1

2 y 2 y + 9 y 2 y 2

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x 1 x + 1 2 x + 3 2 x + 1

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3 z z + 1 + 2 z + 5 z 2

5 z 2 + z + 5 z 2 z 2

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x x + 1 + y y + 1

x + 2 x y + y x + x y + y + 1

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For the following exercises, simplify the rational expression.

2 a + 7 b b

2 b + 7 a a b 2

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3 a + b 6 2 b 3 a

18 + a b 4 b

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3 x + 1 + 2 x 1 x 1 x + 1

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a b b a a + b a b

a b

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2 c c + 2 + c 1 c + 1 2 c + 1 c + 1

3 c 2 + 3 c 2 2 c 2 + 5 c + 2

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Real-world applications

Brenda is placing tile on her bathroom floor. The area of the floor is 15 x 2 8 x 7 ft 2 . The area of one tile is x 2 2 x + 1 ft 2 . To find the number of tiles needed, simplify the rational expression: 15 x 2 8 x 7 x 2 2 x + 1 .

A rectangle that’s labeled: Area = fifteen times x squared minus eight times x minus seven.

15 x + 7 x −1

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The area of Sandy’s yard is 25 x 2 625 ft 2 . A patch of sod has an area of x 2 10 x + 25 ft 2 . Divide the two areas and simplify to find how many pieces of sod Sandy needs to cover her yard.

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Aaron wants to mulch his garden. His garden is x 2 + 18 x + 81 ft 2 . One bag of mulch covers x 2 81 ft 2 . Divide the expressions and simplify to find how many bags of mulch Aaron needs to mulch his garden.

x + 9 x −9

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Extensions

For the following exercises, perform the given operations and simplify.

x 2 + x 6 x 2 2 x 3 2 x 2 3 x 9 x 2 x 2 ÷ 10 x 2 + 27 x + 18 x 2 + 2 x + 1

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3 y 2 10 y + 3 3 y 2 + 5 y 2 2 y 2 3 y 20 2 y 2 y 15 y 4

1 y + 2

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4 a + 1 2 a 3 + 2 a 3 2 a + 3 4 a 2 + 9 a

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x 2 + 7 x + 12 x 2 + x 6 ÷ 3 x 2 + 19 x + 28 8 x 2 4 x 24 ÷ 2 x 2 + x 3 3 x 2 + 4 x 7

4

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Chapter review exercises

Real Numbers: Algebra Essentials

For the following exercises, perform the given operations.

( 5 3 2 ) 2 6

−5

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64 ÷ ( 2 8 ) + 14 ÷ 7

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For the following exercises, solve the equation.

For the following exercises, simplify the expression.

9 ( y + 2 ) ÷ 3 2 + 1

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3 m ( 4 + 7 ) m

32 m

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For the following exercises, identify the number as rational, irrational, whole, or natural. Choose the most descriptive answer.

Exponents and Scientific Notation

For the following exercises, simplify the expression.

6 a 2 a 0 2 a −4

a 6

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4 −2 x 3 y −3 2 x 0

x 3 32 y 3

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( 16 a 3 b 2 ) ( 4 a b −1 ) −2

a

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Write the number in standard notation: 2.1314 × 10 −6

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Write the number in scientific notation: 16,340,000

1.634 × 10 7

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Radicals and Rational Expressions

For the following exercises, find the principal square root.

Polynomials

For the following exercises, perform the given operations and simplify.

( 3 x 3 + 2 x 1 ) + ( 4 x 2 2 x + 7 )

3 x 3 + 4 x 2 + 6

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( 2 y + 1 ) ( 2 y 2 2 y 5 )

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( 2 x 2 + 3 x 6 ) + ( 3 x 2 4 x + 9 )

5 x 2 x + 3

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( 6 a 2 + 3 a + 10 ) ( 6 a 2 −3 a + 5 )

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( k + 3 ) ( k 6 )

k 2 3 k 18

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( 2 h + 1 ) ( 3 h 2 )

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( x + 1 ) ( x 2 + 1 )

x 3 + x 2 + x + 1

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( m 2 ) ( m 2 + 2 m 3 )

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( a + 2 b ) ( 3 a b )

3 a 2 + 5 a b 2 b 2

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Factoring Polynomials

For the following exercises, find the greatest common factor.

81 p + 9 p q 27 p 2 q 2

9 p

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12 x 2 y + 4 x y 2 −18 x y

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88 a 3 b + 4 a 2 b 144 a 2

4 a 2

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For the following exercises, factor the polynomial.

8 a 2 + 30 a 27

( 4 a 3 ) ( 2 a + 9 )

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x 2 + 10 x + 25

( x + 5 ) 2

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4 h 2 12 h k + 9 k 2

( 2 h 3 k ) 2

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p 3 + 216

( p + 6 ) ( p 2 6 p + 36 )

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64 q 3 27 p 3

( 4 q 3 p ) ( 16 q 2 + 12 p q + 9 p 2 )

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4 x ( x 1 ) 1 4 + 3 ( x 1 ) 3 4

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3 p ( p + 3 ) 1 3 −8 ( p + 3 ) 4 3

( p + 3 ) 1 3 ( −5 p 24 )

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4 r ( 2 r 1 ) 2 3 5 ( 2 r 1 ) 1 3

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Rational Expressions

For the following exercises, simplify the expression.

x 2 x 12 x 2 8 x + 16

x + 3 x 4

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4 y 2 25 4 y 2 20 y + 25

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2 a 2 a 3 2 a 2 6 a 8 5 a 2 19 a 4 10 a 2 13 a 3

1 2

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d 4 d 2 9 d 3 d 2 16

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m 2 + 5 m + 6 2 m 2 5 m 3 ÷ 2 m 2 + 3 m 9 4 m 2 4 m 3

m + 2 m 3

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4 d 2 7 d 2 6 d 2 17 d + 10 ÷ 8 d 2 + 6 d + 1 6 d 2 + 7 d 10

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10 x + 6 y

6 x + 10 y x y

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12 a 2 + 2 a + 1 3 a 2 −1

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1 d + 2 c 6 c + 12 d d c

1 6

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Chapter practice test

For the following exercises, identify the number as rational, irrational, whole, or natural. Choose the most descriptive answer.

For the following exercises, evaluate the equations.

2 ( x + 3 ) 12 = 18

x = 12

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y ( 3 + 3 ) 2 26 = 10

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Write the number in standard notation: 3.1415 × 10 6

3,141,500

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Write the number in scientific notation: 0.0000000212.

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For the following exercises, simplify the expression.

−2 ( 2 + 3 2 ) 2 + 144

16

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4 ( x + 3 ) ( 6 x + 2 )

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6 24 + 7 54 12 6

21 6

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( 13 q 3 + 2 q 2 3 ) ( 6 q 2 + 5 q 3 )

13 q 3 4 q 2 5 q

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( 6 p 2 + 2 p + 1 ) + ( 9 p 2 −1 )

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( n 2 ) ( n 2 4 n + 4 )

n 3 6 n 2 + 12 n 8

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( a 2 b ) ( 2 a + b )

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For the following exercises, factor the polynomial.

16 x 2 81

( 4 x + 9 ) ( 4 x 9 )

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27 c 3 1331

( 3 c 11 ) ( 9 c 2 + 33 c + 121 )

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3 x ( x 6 ) 1 4 + 2 ( x 6 ) 3 4

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For the following exercises, simplify the expression.

2 z 2 + 7 z + 3 z 2 9 4 z 2 15 z + 9 4 z 2 1

4 z 3 2 z 1

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a 2 b 2 b 9 a 3 a 2 b 6 a

3 a + 2 b 3 b

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Questions & Answers

if three forces F1.f2 .f3 act at a point on a Cartesian plane in the daigram .....so if the question says write down the x and y components ..... I really don't understand
Syamthanda Reply
hey , can you please explain oxidation reaction & redox ?
Boitumelo Reply
hey , can you please explain oxidation reaction and redox ?
Boitumelo
for grade 12 or grade 11?
Sibulele
the value of V1 and V2
Tumelo Reply
advantages of electrons in a circuit
Rethabile Reply
we're do you find electromagnetism past papers
Ntombifuthi
what a normal force
Tholulwazi Reply
it is the force or component of the force that the surface exert on an object incontact with it and which acts perpendicular to the surface
Sihle
what is physics?
Petrus Reply
what is the half reaction of Potassium and chlorine
Anna Reply
how to calculate coefficient of static friction
Lisa Reply
how to calculate static friction
Lisa
How to calculate a current
Tumelo
how to calculate the magnitude of horizontal component of the applied force
Mogano
How to calculate force
Monambi
a structure of a thermocouple used to measure inner temperature
Anna Reply
a fixed gas of a mass is held at standard pressure temperature of 15 degrees Celsius .Calculate the temperature of the gas in Celsius if the pressure is changed to 2×10 to the power 4
Amahle Reply
How is energy being used in bonding?
Raymond Reply
what is acceleration
Syamthanda Reply
a rate of change in velocity of an object whith respect to time
Khuthadzo
how can we find the moment of torque of a circular object
Kidist
Acceleration is a rate of change in velocity.
Justice
t =r×f
Khuthadzo
how to calculate tension by substitution
Precious Reply
hi
Shongi
hi
Leago
use fnet method. how many obects are being calculated ?
Khuthadzo
khuthadzo hii
Hulisani
how to calculate acceleration and tension force
Lungile Reply
you use Fnet equals ma , newtoms second law formula
Masego
please help me with vectors in two dimensions
Mulaudzi Reply
how to calculate normal force
Mulaudzi
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Source:  OpenStax, College algebra. OpenStax CNX. Feb 06, 2015 Download for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11759/1.3
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