1.1 An introduction to the human body Read Online
1.2 The chemical level of organization Read Online
After studying this chapter, you will be able to:
Though you may approach a course in anatomy and physiology strictly as a requirement for your field of study, the knowledge you gain in this course will serve you well in many aspects of your life. An understanding of anatomy and physiology is not only fundamental to any career in the health professions, but it can also benefit your own health. Familiarity with the human body can help you make healthful choices and prompt you to take appropriate action when signs of illness arise. Your knowledge in this field will help you understand news about nutrition, medications, medical devices, and procedures and help you understand genetic or infectious diseases. At some point, everyone will have a problem with some aspect of his or her body and your knowledge can help you to be a better parent, spouse, partner, friend, colleague, or caregiver.
This chapter begins with an overview of anatomy and physiology and a preview of the body regions and functions. It then covers the characteristics of life and how the body works to maintain stable conditions. It introduces a set of standard terms for body structures and for planes and positions in the body that will serve as a foundation for more comprehensive information covered later in the text. It ends with examples of medical imaging used to see inside the living body.
Question: What is the cornerstone of therapy for primary amebic encephalitis due to Naegleria?
Choices:
polyhexamethylene biguanide
intravenous amphotericin
intrathecal amphotericin
itraconazole
Question: The most common cause of diarrhea in returning travelers?
Choices:
Giardia lamblia
E. histolytica
Campylobacter
Shigella
Question: An 18-year old female without co-morbidities was admitted for sudden onset of fever , nausea, vomiting 3 days after swimming in a river. She had signs of meningismus. Her condition rapidly deteriorated and she expired within a week after onset of symptoms. If H and E stain of brain tissue will be performed, what is the expected appearance of the organism's infective stage?
Choices:
Uni-nucleate trophozoites
double-walled cyst
Trophozoites with prominent dense central nucleolus
single-walled cyst
Question: A 35 year old male, returning from India sought consult for fever, diarrhea and a dull constant aching right upper quadrant pain. He has hepatomegaly, leukocytosis and elevated alkaline phosphatase levels. What is the most sensitive test to diagnose this patient's condition?
Choices:
stool ova and parasite examination
stool culture and sensitivity
stool antigen detection for E. histolytica
real-time PCR for E. histolytica
Question: The presence of ingested erythrocytes is the sole morphologic characteristic in identifying which of the following Entamoeba spp?
Choices:
E. dispar
E. moshkovskii
E. histolytica
E. bangladeshi
Question: Water is the only mechanism of transmission for this protozoal infection
Choices:
Acanthamoeba spp.
Balantidium coli
Cryptosporidium spp.
Giardia lamblia
Question: Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding laboratory diagnosis of primary amebic meningoencephalitis?
Choices:
Lymphocytes are the predominant cells in the CSF
Trophozoites can be seen in CSF GS
CSF is hemorrhagic late in the course of the disease
CSF WBC is persistently low
Question: The non-pathogenic species of Entamoeba
Choices:
E. bangladeshi
E. dispar
E. moshkovskii
None of the above
Question: The most common disease manifestation of infection with E. histolytica?
Choices:
Asymptomatic intraluminal amoebiasis
Amebic diarrhea without dysentery
Amebic dysentery
Amebic liver abscess
Question: A 24 year-old male without co-morbidities, was admitted for abrupt onset of fever, anorexia, nausea and vomiting accompanied by headache 5 days after swimming in the river. He was obtunded, but without focal neurologic signs. His condition rapidly progressed to coma. What is the most likely pathogenesis for his condition?
Choices:
The organism gains entry through the lower respiratory tract and enters the circulation before disseminating to the brain
CNS invasion occurs after nasal inoculation with the organism, which disrupts the olfactory mucosa
The organism end enters the circulation before disseminating to the brainnters through ulcerated skin a
None of the above
Question: A 27 year-old male presents with increasingly severe diarrhea (frequent, mucoid-stained stools, with visible blood), accompanied by general abdominal tenderness. What is the drug of choice for this patient?
Choices:
Tinidazole + luminal agent
Tinidazole
Metronidazole +luminal agent
Nitazoxanide