Throughout this section, we have learned about types of variations of sine and cosine functions and used that information to write equations from graphs. Now we can use the same information to create graphs from equations.
Instead of focusing on the general form equations
we will let
and
and work with a simplified form of the equations in the following examples.
Given the function
sketch its graph.
Identify the amplitude,
Identify the period,
Start at the origin, with the function increasing to the right if
is positive or decreasing if
is negative.
At
there is a local maximum for
or a minimum for
with
The curve returns to the
x -axis at
There is a local minimum for
(maximum for
) at
with
The curve returns again to the
x -axis at
Graphing a function and identifying the amplitude and period
Sketch a graph of
Let’s begin by comparing the equation to the form
Step 1. We can see from the equation that
so the amplitude is 2.
Step 2. The equation shows that
so the period is
Step 3. Because
is negative, the graph descends as we move to the right of the origin.
Step 4–7. The
x -intercepts are at the beginning of one period,
the horizontal midpoints are at
and at the end of one period at
The quarter points include the minimum at
and the maximum at
A local minimum will occur 2 units below the midline, at
and a local maximum will occur at 2 units above the midline, at
[link] shows the graph of the function.
Given a sinusoidal function with a phase shift and a vertical shift, sketch its graph.
Express the function in the general form
Identify the amplitude,
Identify the period,
Identify the phase shift,
Draw the graph of
shifted to the right or left by
and up or down by
Graphing a transformed sinusoid
Sketch a graph of
Step 1. The function is already written in general form:
This graph will have the shape of a
sine function , starting at the midline and increasing to the right.
Step 2.
The amplitude is 3.
Step 3. Since
we determine the period as follows.
The period is 8.
Step 4. Since
the phase shift is
The phase shift is 1 unit.
Step 5.[link] shows the graph of the function.
A horizontally compressed, vertically stretched, and horizontally shifted sinusoid
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miss
Every time someone flushes a toilet in the apartment building, the person begins to jumb back automatically after hearing the flush, before the water temperature changes. Identify the types of learning, if it is classical conditioning identify the NS, UCS, CS and CR. If it is operant conditioning, identify the type of consequence positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement or punishment
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Samuel
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