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| Element | Electron Configuration | Spin Alignment |
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| He | ||
| Li | ||
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| B | ||
| C | ||
| N | ||
| O | ||
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| Ne | ||
| Na | ||
| Mg | ||
| Al |
The maximum number of electrons in a subshell depends on the value of the angular momentum quantum number, l . For a given a value l , there are orbital angular momentum states. However, each of these states can be filled by two electrons (spin up and down, ). Thus, the maximum number of electrons in a subshell is
In the 2 s subshell, the maximum number of electrons is 2. In the 2 p ( ) subshell, the maximum number of electrons is 6. Therefore, the total maximum number of electrons in the shell (including both the and 1 subshells) is or 8. In general, the maximum number of electrons in the n th shell is
The equation “maximum number of electrons that can be in a shell ” gives the maximum number in the shell to be
The structure of the periodic table ( [link] ) can be understood in terms of shells and subshells, and, ultimately, the total energy, orbital angular momentum, and spin of the electrons in the atom. A detailed discussion of the periodic table is left to a chemistry course—we sketch only its basic features here. In this discussion, we assume that the atoms are electrically neutral; that is, they have the same number of electrons and protons. (Recall that the total number of protons in an atomic nucleus is called the atomic number, Z .)
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