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- Propositional logic
- Exercises for propositional
Problems on propositional logic,
including truth-tables, boolean algebra, and inference rules.
Please write logic formulas using the syntax
previously defined ,
using
(or for brevity,
F
),
(or
T
),
¬, ∧, ∨, and ⇒.Except where directed, use only these connectives.
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At Rice University, WaterWorld is installed on OwlNet, in
/home/comp280/bin/waterworld .
Propositional logic
[Practice problem
solution provided.]
Your friend Tracy argues:
It is bad to be depressed.
Watching the news makes me feel depressed.Thus, it's good to avoid watching the news.
Regardless of whether the premises and conclusion are true,
show that the
argument is not,
by showing it doesn't hold for all domains.Replace
depressed
and
watching news
with
expressions which leave the premises true,but the conclusion false
(or at least, what most reasonable people would consider false).
Lots of possible counterexamples.
It is bad to be depressed.
Doing homework makes me depressed;so it's good to not do my homework.
Or,
It is bad for people to be in physical pain.
Childbirth causes pain.Therefore childbirth needs be avoided by all people.
If the original conclusion is really correct,
Tracy needs to elucidate some of his unspoken assumptions.
The flaw seems to be along the lines of,
avoiding bad in the short run
may not always be good in the long run
(or equivalently, sometimes you have to
choose the lesser of two evils).No, you weren't asked to name a specific flaw,
and reasonable people can differ on precisely what the flaw is.(And, formal logic is not particularly helpful here.)
Nonetheless, uncovering hidden assumptionsin arguments often helps understand the real issues involved.
For fun,
pick up the front page of the daily newspaper,and see how many arguments use faulty rules of inference and/or
rely on unspoken premises (which not all might agree with).In particular, political issues as spun to the mainstream press
are often riddled with error,even though there are usually reasonable arguments on
both sides which policy-makers and courts debate.
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[Practice problem
solution provided.]
An acquaintance says the following to you:
Chris claims knowledge is more important than grades.
But she spent yesterday doing an extra-credit assignmentwhich she already knew how to do.
Therefore, she's a hypocrite and deserves no respect.
Regardless of whether the premises and conclusion are true,show that the
argument is not,
by showing it doesn't hold for all domains.Replace
knowledge
and
grades
with expressions which
give you true premises, but a false conclusion(or at least, what most reasonable people would consider false).
Exaggerate
knowledge
to something more important,
and
grades
to something less important.
Terry claims that encouraging human-rights
is more important than playing Tetris.But Terry played Tetris yesterday
rather than volunteering with
Amnesty International .
Most people wouldn't condemn Terry as a hypocrite just
because of this; even the most dedicated of people areentitled to
some free time.
If your friend wants to prove Terry hypocritical,they'll have to provide further evidence or arguments.
Or similarly,
Politician X
claims to support science funding,
but voted against a proposal to shift all Medicare funds to NASA.
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Questions & Answers
I'm interested in biological psychology and cognitive psychology
what does preconceived mean
How can I develope my cognitive domain
why is communication effective
Communication is effective because it allows individuals to share ideas, thoughts, and information with others.
effective communication can lead to improved outcomes in various settings, including personal relationships, business environments, and educational settings. By communicating effectively, individuals can negotiate effectively, solve problems collaboratively, and work towards common goals.
it starts up serve and return practice/assessments.it helps find voice talking therapy also assessments through relaxed conversation.
miss
Every time someone flushes a toilet in the apartment building, the person begins to jumb back automatically after hearing the flush, before the water temperature changes. Identify the types of learning, if it is classical conditioning identify the NS, UCS, CS and CR. If it is operant conditioning, identify the type of consequence positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement or punishment
please i need answer
Wekolamo
because it helps many people around the world to understand how to interact with other people and understand them well, for example at work (job).
Agreed 👍 There are many parts of our brains and behaviors, we really need to get to know. Blessings for everyone and happy Sunday!
ARC
A child is a member of community not society elucidate ?
Isn't practices worldwide, be it psychology, be it science. isn't much just a false belief of control over something the mind cannot truly comprehend?
compare and contrast skinner's perspective on personality development on freud
Skinner skipped the whole unconscious phenomenon and rather emphasized on classical conditioning
war
explain how nature and nurture affect the development and later the productivity of an individual.
nature is an hereditary factor while nurture is an environmental factor which constitute an individual personality. so if an individual's parent has a deviant behavior and was also brought up in an deviant environment, observation of the behavior and the inborn trait we make the individual deviant.
Samuel
I am taking this course because I am hoping that I could somehow learn more about my chosen field of interest and due to the fact that being a PsyD really ignites my passion as an individual the more I hope to learn about developing and literally explore the complexity of my critical thinking skills
and having a good philosophy of the world is like a sandwich and a peanut butter 👍
Jonathan
generally amnesi how long yrs memory loss
interpersonal relationships
What would be the best educational aid(s) for gifted kids/savants?
treat them normal, if they want help then give them.
that will make everyone happy
Saurabh
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Source:
OpenStax, Intro to logic. OpenStax CNX. Jan 29, 2008 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col10154/1.20
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