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Oplos van kwadratiese vergelykings

'n Kwadratiese vergelyking, is 'n vergelyking waar die mag van die veranderlike hoogstens 2 is. Die volgende is voorbeelde van kwadratiese vergelykings.

2 x 2 + 2 x = 1 2 - x 3 x + 1 = 2 x 4 3 x - 6 = 7 x 2 + 2

Kwadratiese vergelykings verskil van lineêre vergelykings daarin dat 'n lineêre vergelyking slegs een oplossing het, terwyl ‘n kwadratiese vergelyking hoogstens 2 oplossings het. Daar is spesiale gevalle waar 'n kwadratiese vergelyking slegs een oplossing het.

Om 'n kwadratiese vergelyking op te los, herskryf ons dit met 'n 0 aan die een kant van die gelykaanteken en die produk van twee lineêre uitdrukkings, in hakies, aan die anderkant. Ons weet byvoorbeeld dat:

( x + 1 ) ( 2 x - 3 ) = 2 x 2 - x - 3

Om op te los:

2 x 2 - x - 3 = 0

moet ons in staat wees om 2 x 2 - x - 3 te herskryf as ( x + 1 ) ( 2 x - 3 ) , en ons weet reeds hoe om dit te doen.

Ondersoek: faktorisering van 'n kwadratiese uitdrukking

Faktoriseer die volgende kwadratiese uitdrukkings:

  1. x + x 2
  2. x 2 + 1 + 2 x
  3. x 2 - 4 x + 5
  4. 16 x 2 - 9
  5. 4 x 2 + 4 x + 1

As jy 'n kwadratiese uitdrukking kan faktoriseer, is jy een stap weg daarvan om 'n kwadratiese vergelyking op te los. Byvoorbeeld, x 2 - 3 x + 2 = 0 kan geskryf word as ( x - 1 ) ( x - 2 ) = 0 . Dit beteken dat x - 1 = 0 of x - 2 = 0 , wat x = 1 en x = 2 gee as die 2 oplossings van die kwadratiese vergelyking x 2 - 3 x + 2 = 0 .

Metode: oplos van kwadratiese vergelykings

  1. Deel heel eerste die hele vergelyking deur enige gemene faktore van die koëffisiënte, ten einde 'n vergelyking te kry van die vorm a x 2 + b x + c = 0 waar a , b en c geen gemeenskaplike faktore het nie. Byvoorbeeld, 2 x 2 + 4 x + 2 = 0 kan geskryf word as x 2 + 2 x + 1 = 0 deur te deel met 2.
  2. Skryf a x 2 + b x + c in terme van sy faktore ( r x + s ) ( u x + v ) . Dit beteken ( r x + s ) ( u x + v ) = 0 .
  3. Wanneer ons die vergelyking geskryf het in die vorm ( r x + s ) ( u x + v ) = 0 , volg dit dat die oplossing sal wees x = - s r of x = - v u .
  4. Vervang elke moontlike waarde van die oplossing in die oorspronklike vergelyking in om te toets of dit 'n geldige oplossing is.

Oplossing (wortels) van kwadratiese vergelykings

'n Kwadratiese vergelyking het 2 wortels omdat enige een van die 2 waardes die vergelyking kan bevredig.

Khan akademie video oor vergelykings - 3

Los op vir x : 3 x 2 + 2 x - 1 = 0 .

  1. Ons het gesien die faktore van 3 x 2 + 2 x - 1 is ( x + 1 ) and ( 3 x - 1 ) .

  2. ( x + 1 ) ( 3 x - 1 ) = 0
  3. Ons het

    x + 1 = 0

    of

    3 x - 1 = 0

    Dus, x = - 1 of x = 1 3 .

  4. As ons die antwoorde instel in die oorspronklike vergelyking in, vind ons die vergelyking is waar vir beide antwoorde.
  5. 3 x 2 + 2 x - 1 = 0 vir x = - 1 of x = 1 3 .

Dit mag gebeur dat die vergelyking met die eerste oogopslag nie soos 'n kwadratiese vergelyking lyk nie, maar deur 'n paar bewerkings in een verander kan word. Onthou dat dieselfde bewerking aan elke kant gedoen moet word om die vergelyking geldig (waar) te hou.

Dit mag nodig wees om een of meer van die volgende te doen:

  • Byvoorbeeld,
    a x + b = c x x ( a x + b ) = x ( c x ) a x 2 + b x = c
  • Dit beteken om beide kante te verhef tot die mag - 1 . Byvoorbeeld,
    1 a x 2 + b x = c ( 1 a x 2 + b x ) - 1 = ( c ) - 1 a x 2 + b x 1 = 1 c a x 2 + b x = 1 c
  • Dit beteken om weerskante te verhef tot die mag 2. Byvoorbeeld,
    a x 2 + b x = c ( a x 2 + b x ) 2 = c 2 a x 2 + b x = c 2

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