Represent the molecule
(hydrogen cyanide) using Lewis notation
The electron configuration of hydrogen is
, the electron configuration of nitrogen is
and for carbon is
. This means that hydrogen has one valence electron which is unpaired, carbon has four valence electrons, all of which are unpaired, and nitrogen has five valence electrons, three of which are unpaired.
The
molecule is represented below. Notice the three electron pairs between the nitrogen and carbon atom. Because these three covalent bonds are between the same two atoms, this is a
triple bond.
Represent the molecule
(hydrogen sulphide) using Lewis notation
Hydrogen has an electron configuration of
and sulphur has an electron configuration of
. Each hydrogen atom has one valence electron which is unpaired, and sulphur has six valence electrons. Although sulphur has a variable valency, we know that the sulphur will be able to form 2 bonds with the hydrogen atoms. In this case, the valency of sulphur must be two.
The
molecule is represented below.
Another way of representing molecules is using
Couper notation . In this case, only the electrons that are involved in the bond between the atoms are shown. A line is used for each covalent bond. Using Couper notation, a molecule of water and a molecule of
would be represented as shown in figures
[link] and
[link] below.
A water molecule represented using Couper notationA molecule of
represented using Couper notation
Atomic bonding and lewis notation
Represent each of the following
atoms using Lewis notation:
beryllium
calcium
lithium
Represent each of the following
molecules using Lewis notation:
bromine gas (
)
carbon dioxide (
)
Which of the two molecules listed above contains a double bond?
Two chemical reactions are described below.
nitrogen and hydrogen react to form
carbon and hydrogen bond to form a molecule of
For each reaction, give:
the valency of each of the atoms involved in the reaction
the Lewis structure of the product that is formed
the chemical formula of the product
the name of the product
A chemical compound has the following Lewis notation:
How many valence electrons does element
have?
What is the valency of element
?
What is the valency of element
?
How many covalent bonds are in the molecule?
Suggest a name for the elements
and
.
Ionic bonding
The nature of the ionic bond
You will remember that when atoms bond, electrons are either
shared or they are
transferred between the atoms that are bonding. In covalent bonding, electrons are shared between the atoms. There is another type of bonding, where electrons are
transferred from one atom to another. This is called
ionic bonding .
Questions & Answers
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Samuel
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