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| 61. | ligament | strong band of dense connective tissue spanning between bones |
| 62. | medial (internal) rotation | movement of the arm at the shoulder joint or the thigh at the hip joint that brings the anterior surface of the limb toward the midline of the body |
| 63. | medial excursion | side-to-side movement that returns the mandible to the midline |
| 64. | medial meniscus | C-shaped fibrocartilage articular disc located at the knee, between the medial condyle of the femur and medial condyle of the tibia |
| 65. | medial tibiofemoral joint | portion of the knee consisting of the articulation between the medial condyle of the tibia and the medial condyle of the femur; allows for flexion/extension at the knee |
| 66. | meniscus | articular disc |
| 67. | multiaxial joint | type of diarthrosis; a joint that allows for movements within three planes (three axes) |
| 68. | opposition | thumb movement that brings the tip of the thumb in contact with the tip of a finger |
| 69. | patellar ligament | ligament spanning from the patella to the anterior tibia; serves as the final attachment for the quadriceps femoris muscle |
| 70. | periodontal ligament | band of dense connective tissue that anchors the root of a tooth into the bony jaw socket |
| 71. | pivot joint | synovial joint at which the rounded portion of a bone rotates within a ring formed by a ligament and an articulating bone; functionally classified as uniaxial joint |
| 72. | plane joint | synovial joint formed between the flattened articulating surfaces of adjacent bones; functionally classified as a multiaxial joint |
| 73. | plantar flexion | foot movement at the ankle in which the heel is lifted off of the ground |
| 74. | posterior cruciate ligament | intracapsular ligament of the knee; extends from the posterior, superior surface of the tibia to the inner aspect of the medial condyle of the femur; prevents anterior displacement of the femur when the knee is flexed and weight bearing |
| 75. | posterior talofibular ligament | intrinsic ligament located on the lateral side of the ankle joint, between the talus bone and lateral malleolus of the fibula; supports the talus at the talocrural joint and resists excess inversion of the foot |
| 76. | pronated position | forearm position in which the palm faces backward |
| 77. | pronation | forearm motion that moves the palm of the hand from the palm forward to the palm backward position |
| 78. | protraction | anterior motion of the scapula or mandible |
| 79. | proximal radioulnar joint | articulation between head of radius and radial notch of ulna; uniaxial pivot joint that allows for rotation of radius during pronation/supination of forearm |
| 80. | pubofemoral ligament | intrinsic ligament spanning from the pubis of the hip bone to the femur, on the anterior-inferior aspect of the hip joint |
| 81. | radial collateral ligament | intrinsic ligament on the lateral side of the elbow joint; runs from the lateral epicondyle of humerus to merge with the annular ligament |
| 82. | reposition | movement of the thumb from opposition back to the anatomical position (next to index finger) |
| 83. | retraction | posterior motion of the scapula or mandible |
| 84. | rotation | movement of a bone around a central axis (atlantoaxial joint) or around its long axis (proximal radioulnar joint; shoulder or hip joint); twisting of the vertebral column resulting from the summation of small motions between adjacent vertebrae |
| 85. | rotator cuff | strong connective tissue structure formed by the fusion of four rotator cuff muscle tendons to the articular capsule of the shoulder joint; surrounds and supports superior, anterior, lateral, and posterior sides of the humeral head |
| 86. | saddle joint | synovial joint in which the articulating ends of both bones are convex and concave in shape, such as at the first carpometacarpal joint at the base of the thumb; functionally classified as a biaxial joint |
| 87. | subacromial bursa | bursa that protects the supraspinatus muscle tendon and superior end of the humerus from rubbing against the acromion of the scapula |
| 88. | subcutaneous bursa | bursa that prevents friction between skin and an underlying bone |
| 89. | submuscular bursa | bursa that prevents friction between bone and a muscle or between adjacent muscles |
| 90. | subscapular bursa | bursa that prevents rubbing of the subscapularis muscle tendon against the scapula |
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