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A small town in Ohio commissioned an actuarial firm to conduct a study that modeled the rate of change of the town’s population. The study found that the town’s population (measured in thousands of people) can be modeled by the function P ( t ) = 1 3 t 3 + 64 t + 3000 , where t is measured in years.

  1. Find the rate of change function P ( t ) of the population function.
  2. Find P ( 1 ) , P ( 2 ) , P ( 3 ) , and P ( 4 ) . Interpret what the results mean for the town.
  3. Find P ( 1 ) , P ( 2 ) , P ( 3 ) , and P ( 4 ) . Interpret what the results mean for the town’s population.
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[T] A culture of bacteria grows in number according to the function N ( t ) = 3000 ( 1 + 4 t t 2 + 100 ) , where t is measured in hours.

  1. Find the rate of change of the number of bacteria.
  2. Find N ( 0 ) , N ( 10 ) , N ( 20 ) , and N ( 30 ) .
  3. Interpret the results in (b).
  4. Find N ( 0 ) , N ( 10 ) , N ( 20 ) , and N ( 30 ) . Interpret what the answers imply about the bacteria population growth.

a. N ( t ) = 3000 ( −4 t 2 + 400 ( t 2 + 100 ) 2 ) b. 120 , 0 , −14.4 , −9.6 c. The bacteria population increases from time 0 to 10 hours; afterwards, the bacteria population decreases. d. 0 , −6 , 0.384 , 0.432 . The rate at which the bacteria is increasing is decreasing during the first 10 hours. Afterwards, the bacteria population is decreasing at a decreasing rate.

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The centripetal force of an object of mass m is given by F ( r ) = m v 2 r , where v is the speed of rotation and r is the distance from the center of rotation.

  1. Find the rate of change of centripetal force with respect to the distance from the center of rotation.
  2. Find the rate of change of centripetal force of an object with mass 1000 kilograms, velocity of 13.89 m/s, and a distance from the center of rotation of 200 meters.
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The following questions concern the population (in millions) of London by decade in the 19th century, which is listed in the following table.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_London.
Population of london
Years since 1800 Population (millions)
1 0.8795
11 1.040
21 1.264
31 1.516
41 1.661
51 2.000
61 2.634
71 3.272
81 3.911
91 4.422

[T]

  1. Using a calculator or a computer program, find the best-fit linear function to measure the population.
  2. Find the derivative of the equation in a. and explain its physical meaning.
  3. Find the second derivative of the equation and explain its physical meaning.

a. P ( t ) = 0.03983 + 0.4280 b. P ( t ) = 0.03983 . The population is increasing. c. P ( t ) = 0 . The rate at which the population is increasing is constant.

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[T]

  1. Using a calculator or a computer program, find the best-fit quadratic curve through the data.
  2. Find the derivative of the equation and explain its physical meaning.
  3. Find the second derivative of the equation and explain its physical meaning.
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For the following exercises, consider an astronaut on a large planet in another galaxy. To learn more about the composition of this planet, the astronaut drops an electronic sensor into a deep trench. The sensor transmits its vertical position every second in relation to the astronaut’s position. The summary of the falling sensor data is displayed in the following table.

Time after dropping (s) Position (m)
0 0
1 −1
2 −2
3 −5
4 −7
5 −14

[T]

  1. Using a calculator or computer program, find the best-fit quadratic curve to the data.
  2. Find the derivative of the position function and explain its physical meaning.
  3. Find the second derivative of the position function and explain its physical meaning.

a. p ( t ) = −0.6071 x 2 + 0.4357 x 0.3571 b. p ( t ) = −1.214 x + 0.4357 . This is the velocity of the sensor. c. p ( t ) = −1.214 . This is the acceleration of the sensor; it is a constant acceleration downward.

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Questions & Answers

A golfer on a fairway is 70 m away from the green, which sits below the level of the fairway by 20 m. If the golfer hits the ball at an angle of 40° with an initial speed of 20 m/s, how close to the green does she come?
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Source:  OpenStax, Calculus volume 1. OpenStax CNX. Feb 05, 2016 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11964/1.2
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